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- Recent research confirms that the demand for cigarettes is not only inelastic, but it also indicates that smokers with incomes in the lower half of all incomes respond to a given price increase by reducing their purchases by amounts that are more than four times as large as the purchase reductions made by smokers in the upper half of all incomes. How can the income and substitution effects of a price change help explain this finding?Suppose U = 2X + Y, I = 20, Px = 2, and Py = 2. (a) Find Marshallian demand for X and Y . (b) What is Marshallian demand for X and Y if the price of X increases to 5? How much of the change in demand for X is the income effect and how much is the substitution effect? (c) How much is compensating variation for the price change described in part (b)? (d) How much is equivalent variation for the price change described in part (b)? ( Please solve all the subparts ASAP I will give you thumbs up . )Suppose the quantity of good X demanded by individual 1 is given by X1 = 10 − 2PX + 0.01I1 + 0.4PY and the quantity of X demanded by individual 2 is X2 = 5 − PX + 0.02I2 + 0.2PY a) What is the market demand function for total X (= X1+X2) as a function of PX, I1, I2, and PY . b) Graph the two individual demand curves (with X on the horizontal axis, PX on the vertical axis) for the case I1 = 1000, I2 = 1000, and PY = 10. c) Using these individual demand curves, construct the market demand curve for total X. What is the algebraic equation for this curve?
- Lea's utility function is U =0.7 ln( x ) + y where x denotes her consumption of good X and y denotes her consumption of good Y. Suppose the government imposes a per-unit tax on good X equal to 5 dollars. The price of good X charged by the sellers of good X is Px = 9 (and does not change due to the tax), the price of good Y is Py = 13 and Lea's income is M = 389. What is Lea's own-price substitution effect of the price increase due to the tax ?Stuart's utility function for goods X and Y is represented as U(X,Y)=X0.8Y0.2. Assume that his income is $100 and the prices of goods X and Y are $20 and $10, respectively. Now a government subsidy program lowers the price of X from $20 per unit to $10 per unit. (a) Calculate and graphically show the change in good X consumption resulting from the program. (b) Graphically show the change in consumption attributable to the separate income and substitution effects. (c) Show (graphically) how much the program cost the government.Part 1) An individual utility function is given by U(x,y) = x·y. Derive this individual indirect utility function. Using this individual indirect utility function, compute her level of utility when I = $800, px = $20 and py = $40. It is equal to 200 utils. Part 2) An individual utility function is given by U(x,y) = x·y. Let I = $800, px = $20 and py = $40. Suppose that a tax t of $10 per unit is imposed on good x. Assume that the full burden of this excise tax is borne by this consumer, i.e. the new price this individual faces for good x is p’x = px + t = $20+ $10 = $30. Use the indirect utility function you derived earlier to compute this person new utility level with this excise tax. It is equal to 133.33 utils. Question: An individual utility function is given by U(x,y) = x·y. Let I = $800, px = $20 and py = $40. Suppose that a tax t of $10 per unit is imposed on good x. Assume that the full burden of this excise tax is borne by this consumer, i.e. the new price this individual…
- Which of the ff. is correct with regards to the demand curve? A. If the price of the good increases, the demand curve for the good will shift to the left B. If the price of the good increases, the consumers have the incentive to look for substitutes, thus, the quantity demanded and its price are inversely related C. Income of the consumers is written on the vertical axis D. Varying preferences of the consumers is reflected in the demand curve and is written on the horizontal axisPankti consumes two goods, x and y. Her utility function is given byU(x, y) = ln(xy).(a) Suppose when Pankti’s income is 12, her optimal bundle consists of 2 units of x and 6units of good y. Without solving for Pankti’s Marshallian demands for x and y,determine how her consumption of x and y would change if her income doubled(holding constant the prices of the goods). Justify your answer as well as you are able.(b) Find an expression for Pankti’s indirect utility function, V (px, py, m), using themethod of Lagrange multipliers. Confirm your answer to part (b) using theMarshallian demands you derive in the process of solving the optimization process.(c) Suppose the price of good x is 2 and the price of good y is 2. Find Pankti’s utilitywhen her income is 24. Now suppose the price of good x doubles to 4. How much extraincome does Pankti need to obtain the same level of utility she had prior to the priceincrease?The demand for good X is given byQXd = 6,000 − (1/2)PX − PY + 9PZ + (1/10)MResearch shows that the prices of related goods are given by Py = $6,500 and Pz = $100, while the average income of individuals consuming this product is M = $70,000. a. How many units of good X will be purchased when Px = $5,230?b. Determine the demand function and inverse demand function for good X. Graph the demand curve for good X. Instruction: Enter all values as integers, or if needed, a decimal rounded to one decimal place. Demand function: ______ − _____ PXInverse demand function: PX = _______ − _______ QXdInstruction: Use the tool provided 'D' to graph the inverse demand curve from QX = 0 to QX = 6,000 (two points total).
- 1. Assume you spend your entire income on two goods X & Y with prices given as PX & PY, respectively. Prices and income (I) are exogenous and positive. Given that U = X2 + Y2 , derive the Marshallian demand function for good Y and evaluate the type of good. 2. Assume you spend your entire income on two goods X & Y with prices given as PX & PY, respectively. Prices and income (I) are exogenous and positive. Given that U= X2Y2 , derive the Hicksian demand function for good Y.3. Suppose that initially PX = 2, PY = 8, I = 96 and the Marshallian demand function for good Y is given by Y∗ = (0.5I/ PY)+(0.5PX/PY)− 0.5. Calculate the own price & income elasticities of demand for good Y. Interpret your computed values and say something about the type of good.4. Suppose the economy has 100 units each of goods X and Y and the utility functions of the (only) 2 individuals are: UA (XA,YA) = X0.25Y0.75, UB (XB,YB) = X0.75Y 0.25Show that pareto-improvement is possible if,…Properties of Marshallian demand: The maximization problem for U(x,y)=xay1-a subject to pxx+pyy=m 1). Using the Marshallian demand functions obtained back then, show that x*(px ,py, pm) and y*(px ,py, pm)are homogeneous of degree 0 in prices and income. 2). Show that the indirect utility function, v(px, py, m), is also homogeneous of degree 0 in prices andincome. 3). Use Roy’s identity and show that you can indeed recover the original Marshallian demand functions.the Marshallian Demands for the utility function U(x,y) =0.5x + 5ln ya) For this utility function calculate the Hicksian demand functions for x and y.b) Use your Marshallian and Hicksian demand functions to calculate the partial derivative of both Marshallian and Hicksian demand for x with respect to px and the partial derivative of Marshallian demand with respect to income.c) Use your answers for (b) to verify the Slutsky equation