For the year, the following data are available:Budgeted productionActual production36,000 units30,000 units28,000 unitsP1,000SalesFinished goods inventory, January 1Unfavorable variances from standardvariable manufacturing costsP5,000All variances are written off directly at year-end as an adjustment to Cost ofGoods Sold.Required:1. Prepare the income statement under the direct costing method.2. Prepare the income statement under the absorption costing method. Problem 2The Honey Company is comparing its present absorption costing practiceswith direct costing methods. An examination of its records produced thefollowing information:Maximum plant capacityNormal capacityFixed factory overheadFixed marketing and administrative expenseSales price per unitStandard variable manufacturing cost per unitVariable marketing expense per unit sold40,000 units36,000 unitsP54,000P20,00010P1

Name: For the year, the following data are available:Budgeted productionAct
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Description: For the year, the following data are available:Budgeted productionActual production36,000 units30,000 units28,000 unitsP1,000SalesFinished goods inventory, January 1Unfavorable variances from standardvariable manufacturing costsP5,000All variances a

Under Direct costing method, the fixed production costs are treated as period cost and not included…

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Accounting

For the year, the following data are available: Budgeted production Actual production Sales Finished goods inventory, January 1 Unfavorable variances from standard variable manufacturing costs 36,000 units 30,000 units 28,000 units P1,000 P5,000 All variances are written off directly at year-end as an adjustment to Cost of Goods Sold. Required: 1. Prepare the income statement under the direct costing method. 2. Prepare the income statement under the absorption costing method.

For the year, the following data are available: Budgeted production Actual production Sales Finished goods inventory, January 1 Unfavorable variances from standard variable manufacturing costs 36,000 units 30,000 units 28,000 units P1,000 P5,000 All variances are written off directly at year-end as an adjustment to Cost of Goods Sold. Required: 1. Prepare the income statement under the direct costing method. 2. Prepare the income statement under the absorption costing method.

Managerial Accounting

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337912020

Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler

Publisher:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler

Chapter4: Activity-based Costing

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15E: Activity-based costing and product cost distortion The management of Four Finger Appliance Company...

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(Appendix 3A) Scattergraph, High-Low Method, Method of Least Squares, Use of Judgment The management of Wheeler Company has decided to develop cost formulas for its major overhead activities. Wheeler uses a highly automated manufacturing process, and power costs are a significant manufacturing cost. Cost analysts have decided that power costs are mixed. The costs must be broken into their fixed and variable elements so that the cost behavior of the power usage activity can be properly described. Machine hours have been selected as the activity driver for power costs. The following data for the past 8 quarters have been collected: Note: For the following requirements, round the fixed cost to the nearest dollar, round the variable rates to three decimal places, and the R2 to two decimal places. Required: 1. Prepare a scattergraph by plotting power costs against machine hours. Does the scatter-graph show a linear relationship between machine hours and power cost? 2. Using the high and low points (i.e., the high-low method), compute a power cost formula. (Note: Round answers to three decimal places.) 3. Use the method of least squares to compute a power cost formula. Evaluate the coefficient of determination. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Rerun the regression, and drop the point (20,000, 26,000) as an outlier. Compare the results from this regression to those for the regression in Requirement 3. Which is better?
To determine the effect of different levels of production on the company’s income, move to cell B7 (Actual production). Change the number in B7 to the different production levels given in the table below. The first level, 100,000, is the current level. What happens to the operating income on both statements as production levels change? Enter the operating incomes in the following table. Does the level of production affect income under either costing method? Explain your findings.
Activity-based costing and product cost distortion The management of Four Finger Appliance Company in Exercise 14 has asked you to use activity-based costing instead of direct labor hours to allocate factory overhead costs to the two products. You have determined that 81,000 of factory overhead from each of the production departments can be associated with setup activity (162,000 in total). Company records indicate that blenders required 135 setups, while the toaster ovens required only 45 setups. Each product has a production volume of 7,500 units. Determine the three activity rates (assembly, test and pack, and setup). Determine the total factory overhead and factory overhead per unit allocated to each product using the activity rates in (A).
Wrappers Tape makes two products: Simple and Removable. It estimates it will produce 369,991 units of Simple and 146,100 of Removable, and the overhead for each of its cost pools is as follows: It has also estimated the activities for each cost driver as follows: Â How much is the overhead allocated to each unit of Simple and Removable?
Cost of quality and value-added/non-value-added reports for a service company A. Using the information in Exercise 17, identify the cost of quality classification for each activity and whether the activity is value-added or non-value-added. B. Prepare a cost of quality report. Assume that sales are 3,000,000. (Round percentages to one decimal place.) C. Prepare a value-added/non-value-added analysis. D. Interpret the information in (B) and (C).
Identify cost graphs The following cost graphs illustrate various types of cost behavior: For each of the following costs, identify the cost graph that best illustrates its cost behavior as the number of units produced increases: A. Total direct materials cost B. Electricity costs of 1,000 per month plus 0.10 per kilowatt-hour C. Per-unit cost of straight-line depreciation on factory equipment D. Salary of quality control supervisor, 20,000 per month E. Per-unit direct labor cost
Assume you are the department B manager for Marleys Manufacturing. Marleys operates under a cost-based transfer structure. Assume you receive the majority of your raw materials from department A, which sells only o department B (they have no outside sales). After calculating the operating income in dollars and operating income in percentage, analyze the following financial information to determine costs that may need further investigation. (Hint: It may be helpful to perform a vertical analysis.)
Grand Canyon Manufacturing Inc. produces and sells a product with a price of 100 per unit. The following cost data have been prepared for its estimated upper and lower limits of activity: Overhead: Selling and administrative expenses: Required: 1. Classify each cost element as either variable, fixed, or semi-variable. (Hint: Recall that variable expenses must go up in direct proportion to changes in the volume of activity.) 2. Calculate the break-even point in units and dollars. (Hint: First use the high-low method illustrated in Chapter 4 to separate costs into their fixed and variable components.) 3. Prepare a break-even chart. 4. Prepare a contribution income statement, similar in format to the statement appearing on page 540, assuming sales of 5,000 units. 5. Recompute the break-even point in units, assuming that variable costs increase by 20% and fixed costs are reduced by 50,000.
Variable-Costing and Absorption-Costing Income Borques Company produces and sells wooden pallets that are used for moving and stacking materials. The operating costs for the past year were as follows: During the year, Borques produced 200,000 wooden pallets and sold 204,300 at 9 each. Borques had 8,200 pallets in beginning finished goods inventory; costs have not changed from last year to this year. An actual costing system is used for product costing. Required: 1. What is the per-unit inventory cost that is acceptable for reporting on Borquess balance sheet at the end of the year ? How many units are in ending inventory? What is the total cost of ending inventory? 2. Calculate absorption-costing operating income. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What would the per-unit inventory cost be under variable costing? Does this differ from the unit cost computed in Requirement 1? Why? 4. Calculate variable-costing operating income. 5. Suppose that Borques Company had sold 196,700 pallets during the year. What would absorption-costing operating income have been? Variable-costing operating income?
Refer to the data in Exercise 7.22. The company has decided to simplify its method of allocating support service costs by switching to the direct method. Required: 1. Allocate the costs of the support departments to the producing departments using the direct method. (Round allocation ratios to four significant digits. Round allocated costs to the nearest dollar.) 2. Using direct labor hours, compute departmental overhead rates. (Round to the nearest cent.)
Refer to Exercise 12.14. Suppose that for 20x2, Sanford, Inc., has chosen suppliers that provide higher-quality parts and redesigned its plant layout to reduce material movement. Additionally, Sanford implemented a new setup procedure and provided training for its purchasing agents. As a consequence, less setup time is required and fewer purchasing mistakes are made. At the end of 20x2, the information shown on page 680 is provided. Required: 1. Prepare a report that compares the non-value-added costs for 20x2 with those of 20x1. 2. What is the role of activity reduction for non-value-added activities? For value-added activities? 3. Comment on the value of a trend report.
Communication The controller of New Wave Sounds Inc. prepared the following product profitability report for management, using activity-based costing methods for allocating both the factory overhead and the marketing expenses. As such, the controller has confidence in the accuracy of this report. Home Theater Speakers Wireless Speakers Wireless Headphones Total Sales 1,500,000 1,200,000 900,000 3,600,000 Cost of goods sold 1,050,000 720,000 810,000 2,580,000 Gross profit 450,000 480,000 90,000 1,020,000 Marketing expenses 600,000 120,000 72,000 792,000 Income from operations (150,000) 360,000 18,000 228,000 In addition, the controller interviewed the vice president of marketing, who provided the following insight into the company's three products: The home theater speakers are an older product that is highly recognized in the marketplace. The wireless speakers are a new product that was just recently bunched. The wireless headphones are a new technology that has no competition in the marketplace, and it is hoped that they will become an important future addition to the companys product portfolio. Initial indications are that the product is well received by customers. The controller believes that the manufacturing costs for all three products are in line with expectations. Based on the information provided: 1. Calculate the ratio of gross profit to sales and the ratio of income from operations to sales for each product. 2. Write a brief (one page) memo using the product profitability report and the calculations in (1) to make recommendations to management with respect to strategies for the three products.