Four solutions of an acid dissolved in water are sketched below, as if under a microscope so powerful individual atoms could be seen. The same volume of solution is shown in each sketch. Rank the solutions by the strength of the dissolved acid. That is, select 1 under the solution of the strongest acid, 2 under the solution of the next strongest acid, and so on. Note: =H,0 Solution 1 Solution 2 (Choose one) (Choose one) Solution 3 Solution 4

Four solutions of an acid dissolved in water are sketched below, as if under a microscope so powerful individual atoms could be seen. The same volume of solution is shown in each sketch. Rank the solutions by the strength of the dissolved acid. That is, select 1 under the solution of the strongest acid, 2 under the solution of the next strongest acid, and so on. Note: =H,0 Solution 1 Solution 2 (Choose one) (Choose one) Solution 3 Solution 4

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter13: Acids And Bases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9RQ: What is a salt? List some anions that behave as weak bases in water. List some anions that have no...

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Estimate the pH that results when the following two solutions are mixed. a) 50 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 50 mL of 0.4 M KOH b) 100 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 50 mL of 0.4 M NaOH c) 150 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 100 mL of 0.3 M Ba(OH)2 d) 200 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 100 mL of 0.3 M Ba(OH)2
Repeat the description for Question 4, but use a weak acid rather than a strong one.
Consider all acid-base indicators discussed in this chapter. Which of these indicators would be suitable for the titration of each of these? (a) NaOH with HClO4 (b) acetic acid with KOH (c) NH3 solution with HBr (d) KOH with HNO3 Explain your choices.
Two strategies are also followed when solving for the pH of a base in water. What is the strategy for calculating the pH of a strong base in water? List the strong bases mentioned in the text that should be committed to memory. Why is calculating the pH of Ca(OH)2 solutions a little more difficult than calculating the pH of NaOH solutions? Most bases are weak bases. The presence of what element most commonly results in basic properties for an organic compound? What is present on this element in compounds that allows it to accept a proton? Table 13-3 and Appendix 5 of the text list Kb values for some weak bases. What strategy is used to solve for the pH of a weak base in water? What assumptions are made when solving for the pH of weak base solutions? If the 5% rule fails, how do you calculate the pH of a weak base in water?
Table 13-4 lists the stepwise Ka values for some polyprotic acids. What is the difference between a monoprotic acid, a diprotic acid, and a triprotic acid? Most polyprotic acids are weak acids; the major exception is H2SO4. To solve for the pH of a solution of H2SO4, you must generally solve a strong acid problem as well as a weak acid problem. Explain. Write out the reactions that refer to Ka1 and Ka2 for H2SO4. For H3PO4, Ka1 = 7.5 103, Ka2 = 6.2 108, and Ka3= 4.8 1013. Write out the reactions that refer to the Ka1, Ka2and Ka3equilibrium constants. What are the three acids in a solution of H3PO4? Which acid is strongest? What are the three conjugate bases in a solution of H3PO4? Which conjugate base is strongest? Summarize the strategy for calculating the pH of a polyprotic acid in water.
Ionization of the first proton from H2SO4 is complete (H2SO4 is a strong acid); the acid-ionization constant for the second proton is 1.1 102. a What would be the approximate hydronium-ion concentration in 0.100 M H2SO4 if ionization of the second proton were ignored? b The ionization of the second proton must be considered for a more exact answer, however. Calculate the hydronium-ion concentration in 0.100 M H2SO4, accounting for the ionization of both protons.
Malic acid is a weak diprotic organic acid with Ka1 = 4.0 104 and Ka2 = 9.0 105. a Letting the symbol H2A represent malic acid, write the chemical equations that represent Ka1 and Ka2. Write the chemical equation that represents Ka1 Ka2. b Qualitatively describe the relative concentrations of H2A, HA, A2, and H3O+ in a solution that is about one molar in malic acid. c Calculate the pH of a 0.0175 M malic acid solution and the equilibrium concentration of [H2A]. d What is the A2 concentrationin in solutions b and c?
What is a salt? List some anions that behave as weak bases in water. List some anions that have no basic properties in water. List some cations that behave as weak acids in water. List some cations that have no acidic properties in water. Using these lists, give some formulas for salts that have only weak base properties in water. What strategy would you use to solve for the pH of these basic salt solutions? Identify some salts that have only weak acid properties in water. What strategy would you use to solve for the pH of these acidic salt solutions? Identify some salts that have no acidic or basic properties in water (produce neutral solutions). When a salt contains both a weak acid ion and a weak base ion, how do you predict whether the solution pH is acidic, basic, or neutral?
Using the diagrams shown in Problem 10-117, which of the solutions would have the greatest buffer capacity, that is, greatest protection against pH change, when the following occurs? a. A strong acid is added to the solution. b. A strong base is added to the solution.
Strong Acids, Weak Acids, and pH Two 0.10-mol samples of the hypothetical monoprotic acids HA(aq) and HB(aq) are used to prepare 1.0-L stock solutions of each acid. a Write the chemical reactions for these acids in water. What are the concentrations of the two acid solutions? b One of these acids is a strong acid, and one is weak. What could you measure that would tell you which acid was strong and which was weak? c Say that the HA(aq) solution has a pH of 3.7. Is this the stronger of the two acids? How did you arrive at your answer? d What is the concentration of A(aq) in the HA solution described in part c? e If HB(aq) is a strong acid, what is the hydronium-ion concentration? f In the solution of HB(aq), which of the following would you expect to be in the greatest concentration: H3O+(aq), B(aq), HB(aq), or OH(aq)? How did you decide? g In the solution of HA(aq), which of the following would you expect to be in the greatest concentration: H3O+(aq), A+(aq), HA(aq), or OH(aq)? How did you decide? h Say you add 1.0 L of pure water to a solution of HB. Would this water addition make the solution more acidic, make it less acidic, or not change the acidity of the original solution? Be sure to fully justify your answer. i You prepare a 1.0-L solution of HA. You then take a 200-mL sample of this solution and place it into a separate container. Would this 200 mL sample be more acidic, be less acidic, or have the same acidity as the original 1.0-L solution of HA(aq)? Be sure to support your answer.
The pH of a solution of Ba(OH)2 is 10.66 at 25 . What is the hydroxide ion concentration in the solution? If the solution volume is 125 mL, what mass of Ba(OH)2 must have been dissolved?