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GIVE A CONCLUSION
OBSERVING MICROORGANISMS
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- Discuss the possibility of life on Mars. In reference to extremophiles. Defend or refute this statement: The upper-temperature limit to life is unrelated to the stability of proteins or nucleic acids. How influential is microbial activity on the geological processes of mineral formation and deposition compared to biological processes? (argue both sides of this one). What challenges and advantages do you see with the use of extremeophiles in industrial or bioremediation applications?a. Name a metabolic type that might be found in Section 3 of the column. List the energy source and the compounds the organism would use as carbon and electron sources. b. You isolated a bacterium from Section 2 of the column. You hypothesize that this bacterium might ferment xylem, a common carbon source found in plants. What carbohydrate test would you use to test your hypothesis? Be specific about any compound(s) that would need to be in the test. If the bacterium could ferment xylem, what result would you expect?a. Is there a microbe that could grow on a medium that contains onlythe following compounds dissolved in water: CaCO3, MgNO3,FeCl2, ZnSO4, and glucose? Defend your answer.b. A useful mnemonic device for keeping track of major elementsrequired by most organisms is: C HOPKINS Ca Fe, Na ClMgood. Read aloud, it becomes “See Hopkin’s Cafe, NaCl (salt)M good!” What does each letter stand for?
- Two microorganisms that use naphthalene as a food source have the same Umax but different Ks values for naphthalene. If both types of microorganisms are inoculated at the same cell density into a liquid culture containing naphthalene as the sole carbon source (i.e. the only food source), which microorganism will outcompete the other: the one with the higher Ks or the one with the lower Ks. Why?.The thermotolerant property of archaeal lipids is due to the substitution of the ether bond with ester bonds. Select one: True FalseThe following four chemicals commonly found in defined growth media contain all of the necessary atomic macronutrients, namely C, O, N, H, S and P, which microbes require: glucose (C6H12O6), K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O, and (NH4)HPO4. Part a. Create a simple diagram to map which growth media chemical contributes atoms to which of the four biological macromolecules (amino acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and ribonucleic acids). Part b. Consider a cell culture broth that originally (before inoculation with cells) contains 5.0 gr/L glucose (C6H12O6), 1.2 gr/L K2HPO4, 0.3 gr/L MgSO4∙7H2O, and 1.0 gr/L (NH4)HPO4. Create a table showing how much of each of the different atoms (C, H, O, K, P, Mg, S, N) are available for incorporation into cell macromolecules (assume 50% of the glucose is catabolized, while the remainder goes for energy (respiration). Express your answers with units of grams of atomic species / liter of culture broth.
- Water is important to all living things. Water activity is a measure of the water that is available to an organism. Water has a water activity of 1. Can you explain why jelly which is moist and semi-fluid would have a low water activity similar to something dry like cereal? (Why can’t microbes grow in this?)EXPERIMENT : UTILIZATION OF FOOD/AGRICULTURAL WASTE FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL OBJECTIVE To learn on the basic process of microbial fermentation. To quantify the conversion of agricultural waste to bioethanol. Procedure: The agricultural wastes were got and then blended for 3 min. The juice was extracted by filtering using a double-fold of cotton gauze cloth, and particulate matter was removed by centrifuging at 10,000 g for 10 min at 4°C. The undiluted juice was stored, and the waste material obtained from the extraction of juice at -20°C until use. Kluyveromyces marxianus on the Yeast-Malt (YM) agar containing 10 g/L glucose, 5 g/L peptone, 3 g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L malt extract, and 20 g/L agar were maintained. Culture was prepared by inoculating two loopfuls of the fungus in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 100 mL growth medium containing 30 g/L glucose, 5 g/L yeast extract, 2 g/L NH4Cl, 1 g/L KH2PO4, 0.3 g/LMgSO47H2O. The preculture was grew on a rotary shaker at 150…What test(s) could you perform to test your hypothesis about the greenish precipitate. (Centrifuge the resulting solution at 4000 rpm/3 mins. Transfer the supernatant to a clean Falcon tube. Examine the greenish precipitate before you discard it in liquid waste) Options: Chlorophyll DNA RNA Acidic proteins Basic proteins Carbohydrate
- Mono lake is a a soda lake (highly alkaline- pH 10) formed some 700,000 years ago. In your research, you have discovered a novel organism that is about 5x2 um in size. It is an aquatic organism, that appears to thrive in low oxygen tensions and in alkaline conditions, and appear to be chemotactic . It was found in the deeper regions of the lake with higher salinity and no oxygen. You are attempting to classify the organism as a Bacteria, Archaea or Eukarya. For each of these domains, list five (5)characteristics or structures that would allow you to classify the organism as belonging the domains. This is, for each domain, list 5 distinct characteristics or distinct structures that would place the organism in that domain. Be thoughtful, specific and detailed in your answer (by detail, I am referring to the level of detail in the text -- for example, if you believe your organism has flagella, what flagella composition/structure/movement would classify it as Archaea vs Eukarya vs…Bioshpere and its level of orginizationfocus on finding a beneficial product produced by a microorganism that impacts our life. There are a wide variety of areas that use microorganisms for production of products including the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, sewage treatment, ecosystem balance, etc. I would like for you to include the proper scientific name of the organism, the product, the pathway used to produce that product, and why the product is important.