Give two examples of neuroplasticity following anti-depressant treatment -- one that is based on autoreceptors, and one that is based on brain/neuron structure

Q: Define the following terms:a. excitatory neurotransmitterb. inhibitory neurotransmitterc. retrograde…

A: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit a signal from a neuron across the synapse to…

Q: Name the two types of First-Generation Antidepressants?

A: Depression is a disorder that impacts the mood of the patient resulting in the continuous feeling of…

Q: Which of the following drug classifications can be given to hypertensive patients? Choose five.…

A: Antihypertensives are a major form of treatment for patients suffering from hypertension. We have a…

Q: In the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses…

A: The nicotinic receptor is a channel protein that, upon binding by acetylcholine, opens to allow…

Q: What is maladaptive neuroplasticity? Neuroplasticity that affect the autonomic nervous system…

A: Before the 20th century, it was believed that some injury or trauma which affects the neurons in the…

Q: What is Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)? What connection does it have to exercise, nature…

A: Introduction: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a signaling molecule that has been linked…

Q: A class of drugs called monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors reduce the re-uptake of norepinephrine…

A: The nervous system is important for the transmission of signals from all parts of the body to the…

Q: Name the four adrenergic receptors, and give the locations of each.

A: The receptors named G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) include a class of receptors known as the…

Q: In the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses…

A: Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is associated with the autonomic nervous system. This…

Q: Define the term Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors?

A: Answer- Acetyl choline is the neurotransmitter released from the end of the neurons in the brain and…

Q: What is the β adrenergic receptor? Where is it expressed?

A: Given: The β adrenergic receptor.

Q: Define the term beta-adrenergic receptor blocker?

A: The endocrine system consisting of a series of glands, responsible for the production of hormones…

Q: What are Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors?

A: Answer- Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of neurons.

Q: Name and discuss the function of 2 common neurotransmitters.

A: The neurotransmitter is a type of chemical messengers that send signals across a chemical synapse,…

Q: Draw an ouline of the autonomic system and identify the neurotransmitters and receptors such as…

A: INTRODUCTION             The Autonomic nervous system is an parr that evolved in the pheriphera…

Q: autonomic system and identify the neurotransmitters and receptors such as dopamine,norephinephrine…

A: The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary movements aids in the…

Q: What are the features of CNS depressants that make them so attractive and popular for potential…

A: Drug abuse It is defined as, disorder that occurs due to the use of substance in maladaptive…

Q: Why does a balanced anesthetic technique needs several drugs to produce general anesthesia?

A: Anesthetics are the most sought-after drugs that help calm the patient and temporarily remove any…

Q: If given the choice of treating Parkinson’s disease pharmacologically with L-Dopa or invasively…

A: Parkinson's disease is a neurological condition that causes tremors, stiffness, and difficulty…

Q: Briefly discuss the impact of acetylcholine and dopamine on the brain

A: The organ that one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body is the brain. It made up…

Q: Hypofrontality in schizophrenia means that there is: Question 3 options: a)  An increased blood…

A: Several neurological medical conditions manifest with hypo frontality

Q: Which of the following occurs in Huntington's disease? The cells of the substantia nigra die and no…

A: The internal globus pallidus (GPi) is a component of basal ganglia and can induce inhibitory…

Q: Why is it difficult to treat conditions such as Parkinson’s with additional neurotransmitters? What…

A: Diseases that affect the system of control and coordination in our body can have drastic impacts on…

Q: In the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses…

A: The central nervous system (CNS) communicates with the different parts of the body by means of…

Q: You measure subregion-specific release of GABA in the basal ganglia. Give two regions where you…

A: GABA is a hyper-excitatory neurotransmitter.

Q: Phenytoin (sodium channel blocker) and ethosuximide (calcium channel blocker) are anti-seizure drugs…

A: Electrical signals regulate the contraction of muscle, secretion of hormones, the sensation of the…

Q: Draw an ouline of the autonomic system and identify the neurotransmitters and receptors such as…

A: Neurotransmitters are frequently referred to as the chemical messengers of the body. They are the…

Q: Which of the following is correct about the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?…

A: Given : The Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Q: Can stroke patients (experiencing weakness on one side) learn to do activities of daily living…

A: Nurses are highly responsible for catering the proper needs for the patients. They also play equally…

Q: EXAMPLES OF AMIDES THAT IS USED CLINICALLY TO TREAT SOME CNS DISORDERS. WHAT ARE THEIR TOXIC LEVEL,…

A: Amides are drugs which contain amide group in it and used as local anesthetics to relive from…

Q: Briefly compare autonomic neurons to somatic motor neurons in terms of types of effectors, number of…

A: The nervous system is highly complex among different organ systems in animals. By transmitting…

Q: Discuss in details the CNS effect of Morphine Analgesic? Please answer at your own easy words

A: Morphin is an opiod drug. It is derived from a dark brown material that is obtained from the poppy…

Q: What is the direct effect (prior to any reflex compensation) of administering intravenously a…

A: An autonomic nervous system acts as on/off site which have a control over sympathetic and…

Q: Can you use a beta-blocker for patients having a stage fright? Why or why not?

A: Beta blockers is a class of drugs mainly used to control blood pressure and other conditions. Fright…

Q: What is the function of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors?

A: Muscarinic receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors involved in the parasympathetic nervous system…

Q: How would the effects differ between a drug that blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and one…

A: Drug can inhibit or block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

Q: What is maladaptive neuroplasticity? a. Neuroplasticity that affect the autonomic nervous system…

A: Neuroplasticity It is a lifetime ability of neural networks in the brain to adapt to changes in the…

Q: A preganglionic neuron   A. has its unmyelinated axon extending from the ganglion to the effector…

A: Option D is the answer. Preganglionic neurons originate from central nervous system and extend their…

Q: Mrs. Hemson is taking mepiprazole ( Psigodal ), an antidepressant . It acts by blocking 5-HT2A and…

A: Mepiprazole is a pyrazole derivative that acts as a tranquilizer. It is used for the treating…

Q: a clinical use of nicotinic antagonists

A: Nicotinic antagonist are type of anti cholinergic drugs that blocks the action of acetylcholine.

Q: Classify & write to the following as to Direct Acting or Indirect Acting Cholinergic: A. Edrophonium…

A: Cholinergic drugs are the class of drugs that act at the parasympathetic nervous system by copying…

Q: List the various drugs classified as adrenergic antagonists (blockers) or sympatholytics.

A: Drugs are compounds used to treat conditions or symptoms caused by conditions in the body. Drugs can…

Q: For each of the following statements about the sympathetic nervous system, state whether it is true…

A: the sympathetic nervous system is one of the vital parts of the autonomic nervous system.

Q: Mrs. Hemson is taking mepiprazole ( Psigodal ), an antidepressant . It acts by blocking 5-HT2A and…

A: 2. Antagonist

Q: Please summarise the main steps in storage, release, uptake and degradation of acetylcholine in a…

A: Acetylcholine is made from two constituents:- Acetyl and CoA. Once formed, it is actively pumped…

Emotions

Emotions are biologically based psychological conditions caused by neurophysiological changes which are linked to different factors such as thoughts, emotions, behavioral responses, and pleasure or displeasure. These emotions are not similar to moods. The mood is an affective state. Mood depends upon several factors, such as weather, the environment, physiology, etc. Emotions can be beneficial or detrimental depending on the situation. Emotional reactions are simple. Emotional well-being is strongly affected by our well-being, and such feelings are private.