Name the four adrenergic receptors, and give the locations of each.

Q: What is the benefit of having different types of adrenergic receptors in the body? What is e.g.…

A: Many catecholamines, such as norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline), as well as…

Q: Describe the effect of parasympathetic innervation on each visceral organ innervated by the division…

A: Autonomic nervous system is divided into three parts: Sympathetic nervous system,enteric nervous…

Q: List the four adrenergic receptors?

A: The “Somatic Nervous System” controls the voluntary function of the sensory organs and skeletal…

Q: Define and describe endogenous rhythms.

A: In biology, endogenous rhythm can be described as a biological clock of an organism's internal…

Q: In general, parasympathetic activation will produce effects that are _ to those produced by…

A: The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that controls and regulates the…

Q: What are the major adrenergic receptors influenced by these nerves?

A: The circulation of blood depends upon the heart beating for the supply of blood to each and every…

Q: Name the primary neurotransmitter that mediates the brain reward systems.

A: The primary neurotransmitter that mediates the brain reward systems is dopamine.

Q: NAME THE CHEMICALS INVOLVED BOTH IN SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A: Autonomous nervous system The human autonomous nervous system consists of two parts  1. Sympathetic…

Q: What are beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-adrenoceptors)?

A: Receptors are usually proteins , which are present on the cell membrane, which binds to the ligand…

Q: Discuss the difference between pre and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system

A: Innervation of the Autonomic Nervous System is provided by two neurons (instead of 1).The…

Q: Define the term Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors?

A: Answer- Acetyl choline is the neurotransmitter released from the end of the neurons in the brain and…

Q: In terms of neurotransmitters and receptors, explain why the two divisions of the ANS can have…

A: The brain is the central processing controlling unit of the body. Nervous coordination and signaling…

Q: Identify the targets of the cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmitters of the ANS.

A: ANS is the autonomic nervous system which is a branch of the peripheral nervous system or PNS. It is…

Q: What do beta-adrenergic receptors do?

A: Beta-1 receptors are preponderantly found in 3 locations: the guts, the kidney, and also the fat…

Q: List the similarities and differences between the following terms: Parkinson’s and essential tremors

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. It consists of purines and…

Q: What are Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors?

A: Answer- Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of neurons.

Q: Compare the general effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS on mental…

A: The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for the “fight or flight” response during any…

Q: List the various drugs classified as adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics

A: We know that, Adrenergic agonists are also called as sympathomimetics due to their action on…

Q: Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A: The autonomic nervous system carries information from inside of the body to the central nervous…

Q: Briefly describe the action and effect of a drug classifiedas an alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent.

A: There are many classes of drugs involved in various functions. The drugs cause therapeutic effects…

Q: What are the similarities and differences between SNS and ANS reflexes? Explain?

A: SNS stands for Somatic Nervous System whereas ANS stands for Autonomic Nervous System.

Q: Describe the types of adrenergic receptors and theirsubtypes.

A: Answer: Introduction: The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors means a class of G protein -coupled…

Q: What are alpha-adrenergic receptors (alpha-adrenoceptors)?

A: Receptors are proteins or glycoproteins that tie signaling molecules known as a first messenger, or…

Q: Describe the basic differences between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS

A:

Q: List two autonomic responses that are controlled by nuclei in the hypothalamus.

A: The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that contains nuclei to perform a variety of functions.

Q: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) should not be used to prolong the duration of local anesthetics…

A: Norepinephrine: It is also known as nor-adrenalin , is a emergency hormone secreted by the anterior…

Q: Explain opposite effects, cooperative effects, andgeneral versus localized effects for the ANS.

A: Nervous tissue is the tissue that allows the propagation of electrochemical signals as nerve…

Q: Describe the basic pathway of parasympathetic innervation through cranial nerves and sacral spinal…

A: The nervous system is the part of an individual's body that coordinates its behaviour and transmits…

Q: Parasympathetic activation can result in all of the following EXCEPT __________.A.constriction of…

A: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the peripheral nervous system that mainly is mainly…

Q: Which underlying cause is most associated with the development of epileptic seizures? a.…

A: A seizure occurs as a result of a disturbance in the electrical impulses in the brain. It alters the…

Q: . Explain the indications of a hypoactive reflex versus those of a hyperactive reflex.

A: Any stimulus can initiate a reflex which refers to a rapid response in which few neurons are…

Q: List examples of sympathetic and parasympathetic effects.

A: Nervous system of the body is responsible for transmission of signal impulses between different body…

Q: Name the protective structures of the central nervous system, and briefly describe each one.

A: Introduction: The CNS is safeguarded by a multitude of structures due to its significance. First,…

Q: Discuss the production, flow, and function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

A: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid similar to blood plasma that circulates in…

Q: What are alpha-adrenergic receptors?

A: In the sense that they receive information from their extracellular environments, all cells are…

Q: At the onset of exercise, what does sympathetic discharge cause?

A: The sympathetic stimulation connects the organs to the brain through spinal nerves. The stimulation…

Q: What effect, if any, would smoking have on the nicotinic receptors of the ANS?

A: Smoking of the cigarette includes the smoking of nicotine. Nicotine is responsible for the…