Given that both human cells and pathogens synthesize proteins at ribosomal sites, how can antimicrobial agents that target this process be safe to use in humans?

Q: Based on class data only, which antimicrobial has the broadest spectrum? Which one has the narrowest…

A: An antimicrobial is an agent that kills or stops the growth of micro-organism. Antimicrobial…

Q: Which bacteria produce B-lactamase enzyme which is resistant to penicillin and why?

A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…

Q: Explain why Griffith’s mixture of harmless dead bacteria possessing capsules and harmless live…

A: The laws of inheritance was discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel who is popularly known as the father…

Q: Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.

A: Antibiotics are common metabolic products that are extracted from aerobic bacteria and fungi. They…

Q: When might a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug be a good treatment choice?

A: broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that specifically acts on the two major groups of…

Q: Why are antimicrobials inhibited in the presence of organic matter?

A: The different types of anti-microbials are anti-parasitic, anti-fungals, anti-bacterials, and…

Q: Which phase of cell growth is disrupted by antimetabolites? Explain how folate functions as…

A: Antimetabolites are the cytotoxic type of drug because they kill cells, they done their work by…

Q: Why is the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent determined using an exponentially growing…

A: The bacterial cell reproduce asexually by replicating and dividing their genetic material as well as…

Q: How could colony-stimulating factors be used as a therapy?

A: colony-stimulating factors are used as a  many therapies :

Q: Could an organism that is susceptible to an antimicrobial agent in laboratory testing fail to…

A: To identify the acceptable antimicrobial agent and dose for treatment of microorganism infections…

Q: Why are b- lactam antibiotics only bactericidal to growing bacteria?

A: Beta-lactam antibiotics are the antibiotics that are bactericidal, which means they kill bacteria.…

Q: How do hydrogen peroxide agents work and what is their best application as an antimicrobial?

A: Disinfectants are chemical agents applied to non-living objects to destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi,…

Q: Define antispasmodics

A: As we know A drug is any chemical substance or material that alters the physiology or psychology of…

Q: why is peptidoglycan synthesis inportant in antibiotic activity? why do antibiotics not interfere…

A: Answer: PEPTIDOGLYCAN : It is a polymer which is made up of sugars and amino acids thats forms the…

Q: What are the major actions of antimicrobial agents? What criteria are used in the selection of…

A: Antimicrobial agents are chemical substance,drug or any other substance that were capable to kill…

Q: What factors influence the size of the zone of inhibition for an antimicrobial?

A: Testing of effectiveness of anti microbial drugs against microbes are important in identification of…

Q: What are the 4 main targets of antimicrobials? Provide the rationale why each is a good target

A: An antimicrobial is an agent that destroys, or prevents the growth of, microorganisms. It is…

Q: How do the cytochrome P450 proteins affect drug responses?Give two examples.

A: Cytochrome P450  is an enzyme.

Q: Name three types of antimicrobial proteins.

A: Antimicrobial proteins are the polypeptide that causes the destruction of bacteria. They are a part…

Q: Where do true antibiotics come from in nature?

A: Antibiotics are substances which are able to inhibit or destroy growth of microorganisms. These…

Q: Explain an example of antimicrobial peptides.

A: Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides are the peptides produced by the host as a defence against…

Q: Why are antimicrobials only directly effective against bacteria and what is the control on the…

A: Antimicrobials are agents that either kill microorganisms (microbicidal) or stop their growth…

Q: Explain why sulfa drugs prevent bacterial growth without harming the human host.

A: Antimicrobial drugs are those which destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganism. They have their…

Q: Define bacteriorhodopsin.

A: Proteins are one of the biomolecules made up of amino acid units. They are large and complex…

Q: Differentiate between the following and provide one example broad- and narrow-spectrum…

A: The antimicrobial drugs are the agents that inhibit the growth of micro-organisms and kill them. It…

Q: microbial CELLS is the most RESISTANT to disinfectants and antiseptics?

A: Prions are the infectious agent which are misfolded proteins having  the ability to transmit their…

Q: Why are certain gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials…

A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of thin peptidoglycan cell wall. The…

Q: What is the mode of action of bacitracin?  How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be…

A: Introduction:- Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus, and protozoans are killed or inhibited by…

Q: What is the purpose of the antimicrobial susceptibility test? What information can you gather from…

A: Antimicrobial tests are used to determine which specific antibiotics a particular bacteria or fungus…

Q: how does the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids in a liposome affect drug encapsulation?

A: Phospholipids are a type of chemical molecule that has a hydrophilic head composed of a phosphate…

Q: Name four types of antimicrobial host-derived products.

A: Introduction: Products derived from any agent that works against microbes by slowing their growth or…

Q: What is an IgAase and why would a bacterial pathogenproduce one?

A: The bacteria that have the potential to cause diseases are called pathogenic bacteria.

Q: Discuss how the known mechanism/s of action of the different tested antimicrobials affected their…

A: In biochemistry, antimicrobials are defined as the drug class or agents that act on microorganisms…

Q: Explain the effect of beta-lactamase in antimicrobial resistance. Include: who produces it, why it…

A: beta lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide them anti microbial resistance…

Q: What kind of drug might be made out of an antimicrobial peptide and describe an advantage it would…

A: Bacterial drug resistance is now a significant ill health everywhere the planet as a results of…

Q: Explain the Primary sites of action of antimicrobial drugs on bacterial cells.

A: Five bacterial targets have been exploited in the development of antimicrobial drugs: cell wall…

Q: Does the antibiotic disk producing the largest zone of inhibition on a plate always correspond to…

A: ZONE OF INHIBITION: The Antibiotic disk contains some Antibiotic that slowly gets dispersed in to…

Q: How are methods of precipitating proteins, such as heat and treatment with alcohol, also successful…

A: Yes they are successful in killing harmful microorganisms..  Precipitation is explain as protein is…

Q: Which of the following groups of antimicrobial drugs selectively targets bacterial cell wall…

A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…

Q: What are the tests to determine the level of antimicrobial activity of a antimicrobial agent? How…

A: Antibiotic disc diffusion study is also known as the Kirby-Bauer method in which the susceptibility…

Q: How can you use Alamar Blue (Resazurin) to test whether the antimicrobial compound is bactericidal…

A: Visual methods of quality and quantity are readily found in biology and other field alike as they…

Q: Why gentamicin and tetracycline are not effective against eukaryotic microorganisms such as fungi?

A: Tetracycline and gentamicin are antimicrobial agents.

Q: Identify two antimicrobials that act by inhibiting protein synthesis.

A: A protein synthesis inhibitor is a substance that prevents or inhibits cell growth or proliferation…