How could colony-stimulating factors be used as a therapy?

Q: How can activity of a hemolytic exotoxin be detected?

A: Introduction  Toxins can be of two type on the basis of their secretion viz. Endotoxins and…

Q: Given that both human cells and pathogens synthesize proteins at ribosomal sites, how can…

A: Microbes are significant because they have shaped the history of our planet. Some microorganisms are…

Q: How does toxin neutralization occur? Viral neutralization?

A: Microbial toxins are poisonous substances  synthesized by the microorganisms which demonstrate a…

Q: Bacteria are equipped with mechanisms that are capable of counteracting host defenses. Please choose…

A: Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms that can survive in a diverse environment. They are…

Q: What is the difference between an antibody and an antibiotic?

A: Introduction  Microorganisms are widely distributed and can be found in almost all type of…

Q: How might IRA B cells prevent bacterial sepsis?

A: Innate response activator B cells are a subset of B-1a derived B cells that produce the growth…

Q: How can we avoid/prevent the pathogenic effect of some microorganisms?

A: INTRODUCTION During anesthesia, a breathing system could also be used for quite one patient. Any…

Q: What is the expected result if a compromised person is exposed to a true pathogen?

A: The term 'immuno-compromised' refers to the condition of an individual whose immune defenses are…

Q: Explain how a capsule can allow an organism to be serum resistant and avoid phagocytosis.

A: Alternative pathway involves the C3b activation, which include the antibody-mediated immune…

Q: Construct at table to compare and contrast the 5 steps of microbial pathogenesis. How does…

A: Microbial pathogenesis is the ability of microbes, or their components, to cause infection in a host…

Q: What Are Heterophile Antigens?

A: Antigens are substances that have the ability to initiate an immune response upon entering a host…

Q: does a cell know that it has been invaded?

A: Introduction :- The cell is life's fundamental structural and functional unit. Every cell has a…

Q: What are plaque-forming units?

A: A plaque-forming unit (PFU) is a measure used in virology to describe the number of virus particles…

Q: How is the microbe that makes penicillin different from the one that makes streptomycin?

A: An antibiotic is a kind of antimicrobial substance dynamic against microbes. It is the main kind of…

Q: Why are gram-positive bacteria typically more resistant than gram-negative bacteria to…

A: Bacteria are found everywhere. They can survive almost every where including bottom of oceans, our…

Q: What conditions may cause a false positive test for phagocytic engulfment? How could these factors…

A: Phagocytosis is a cellular event that is essential for the clearance of dead cells from the system…

Q: What is Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity?

A: The immune system composed of cells, tissues, proteins, and organs. Its main function is to protect…

Q: How can antibiotic treatment of a gram-negative infection lead toseptic shock?

A: Gram-negative sepsis, can be defined as a rare clinical diagnosis only a few decades ago, is the…

Q: Why do you think are IV solutions given to a patient?

A: Intravenous fluid therapy involves infusion of several products such as intravenous solutions,…

Q: What are the listthe host immune defenses that the microbe would have to overcome to be successful…

A: The first line of defense is broad and aims to keep microbes out of the body. The skin and mucous…

Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?

A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…

Q: Why are certain gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials…

A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of thin peptidoglycan cell wall. The…

Q: How is this flagellar protein H antigen useful to those working in a medical laboratory ??

A: Bacteria such as Salmonella look similar under the microscope but they can be divided into many…

Q: Why are some pathogens more noticeable than others?

A: A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its host, with virulence referring to the intensity…

Q: What is the relationship between antimicrobial and antibiotics?

A: Antibiotics are agents or durgs that is used to treat all type of bacterial infections. While…

Q: What is antibotic resistance and why is it important to be aware of it

A: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria and fungi gain the ability to resist antibiotics that…

Q: Why are gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to the cytoplasmic target…

A: Antibiotics are a type of microbial substances which are active against bacterial cells and it is…

Q: How do microfilariae get into the blood?

A: Microfilariae is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes belonging to family…

Q: What is the term that describes how pathogens alter their surface antigens to prevent antibody…

A: one of the ways infectious agents or pathogens invade the immune system of human body is by altering…

Q: What structures or substances that can increase microbial virulence or pathogenicity and explain the…

A: Microbes are tiny organisms that are both beneficial and harmful to humans.

Q: descrbe Neurospora colonies

A: Micro-organisms are such small living organisms that are less than 0.1 mm, and can be seen only…

Q: What is the normal bacterial flora? What is its role in defense?

A: Introduction :- A population of bacteria that lives on or in the body and has a special ecological…

Q: differentiate desease from infection. differentiate virulence from pathogenicity.

A: This is a classical difference question in biology and in based on microbiology

Q: A. Why did Lilly use acid fast staining to diagnose the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: What are the reasons for the failure of antimicrobial treatment?

A: Introduction: Antimicrobials are substances that kill or cause the inhibition of bacterial growth.…

Q: Is it as effective to take two antibiotics sequentially as it is to take them simultaneously, as…

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances that are effective against microorganisms. Antibiotic drugs…

Q: Why are agglutination tests so widely used in clinicaldiagnostics? How are fluorescent antibodies…

A: Various clinically useful immunological reactions are used in microbiology and research. These…

Q: Which of the following groups of antimicrobial drugs selectively targets bacterial cell wall…

A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…

Q: What is antisense technology?

A: With the help of various techniques of biotechnology, many organisms are modified in terms of their…

Q: In what ways is a phagocyte a tiny container of disinfectants?

A: Phagocytes are the cells which protects the body by the process of ingesting the harmful foreign…

Q: How does the response of the chemotaxis system to anattractant differ from its response to a…

A: The movement of the cell or bacterium in response to a chemical signal is known as chemotaxis. In…

Q: How might antibiotic resistance be prevented?

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances that control or inhibit the growth of microorganisms,…

Q: What are the advantages of using cell culture, and what are thedisadvantages?

A: The viruses are cultured using animal cell cultures in laboratory. Animal cell cultures are grown in…

Q: Identify two antimicrobials that act by inhibiting protein synthesis.

A: A protein synthesis inhibitor is a substance that prevents or inhibits cell growth or proliferation…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.