Glutathione (GSH) protects the liver from radicals. Show how the free radical is consumed by GSH and the pathway to regenerate GSH. GS-H R What over-the-counter medication, taken at overdose levels, cause a depletion of active GSH_ Show the major products: Br₂ hv 0₂ NBS hv 4 products 2 products New Functional Group Name? 3 products -- : Draw both resonance pictures 2
Q: 2. Chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase are members of a family of enzymes referred to as serine…
A: Proteases are enzymes that catalyse the cleavage of peptide bonds. Different proteases employ…
Q: Fructose is a labeled on its anomeric carbon with 14C. This labeled fructose is added to muscle…
A: A method utilized in many scientific investigations including radiocarbon dating is carbon-14 (C-14)…
Q: Classify the phrases. Does each phrase describe a kinase, a phosphatase, neither, or both? Kinases…
A: Proteins are regulated by adding or removing phosphate groups. These are crucial for the…
Q: Discuss the relationship between the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis.
A: Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. It involves the…
Q: (a) The kinetic data given below are for the reaction catalyzed by prostaglandin endoperoxide…
A: According to Michaelis - Menton equation velocity of an enzyme increases with substrate…
Q: A peptide in a solution with a pH of 7 has the following sequence: K-R-E-D-H-D-E…
A: The isoelectric point (pI) is the value of pH at which molecule carries no charge or the net charge…
Q: Complete the Haworth projection of B-D-fructose. The anomeric carbon is shown. C H Answer Bank OH…
A:
Q: 1. Glycolysis can be summarized as a 6-carbon structure becoming two 3-carbon structures. To really…
A: In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate. It…
Q: Cofactors, coenzymes, and prosthetic groups datang une pomm
A: Enzyme function:Enzymes are the biological catalysts which speed up the reactions in organisms.These…
Q: Label blood types O and B with the correct monosaccharides. The defining monosaccharide is noted by…
A: AB blood typing gives rise to 4 main types of blood groups, which are A, B, AB and O. There are 3…
Q: Which of the following is the most efficient enzyme An enzyme with a high kcat and a high Km. An…
A: Enzymes play a fundamental role in biological processes by catalyzing chemical reactions, thereby…
Q: The Bohr effect describes the impact of changes in serum pH and CO2 concentrations on the oxygen…
A: Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein that transports oxygen from lungs to the tissue. The…
Q: A) Effect of Enzymes on Reactions Which of the following effects (a-g) would increase the rate of an…
A: We know Keq is the equilibrium constant and it is equal to .Here;[P] is the concentration of product…
Q: Which of the following are characteristics of isoprenoid lipids? double bonds are mostly cis. methyl…
A: A type of organic molecules known as isoprenoid lipids is made up of two or more hydrocarbon units,…
Q: Draw the peptide ASK(ala-ser-lysine) with proper stereochemistry? what is its pI(isoelectric…
A: Given peptide is ASK( alanine- serine- lysine).The peptide is planar due to the partial double bond…
Q: An enzyme can organize substrates to be nearby in such a way where the local/nearby concentration of…
A: Catatalysis is a phenomenon in which the rate of reaction is altered with the help of a substance…
Q: 3. Now for the citric acid cycle, it is time to follow the carbons! Using labeled pyruvate:…
A: Citric acid cycle is a metabolic pathway that regenerates oxaloacetate from citrate. Acetyl CoA from…
Q: All of the following statements about glucose are true except: Glucose is metabolized in the…
A: Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that serves as a primary source of energy for living…
Q: Draw dipeptide Arg-Thr at pH 6.0. Circle the six atoms that are restricted in one plane. Calculate…
A: Dipeptide is simply 2 amino acids bonded to each other via a peptide bond. The two amino acids that…
Q: I need to know the answer to this question. I can't seem to get the right answer to this optional…
A: Hydrolysis is the breaking of a bond using a water molecule. Dehydration synthesis is the formation…
Q: Case Study: Enzyme Kinetics Data for new statin drug (inhibits HMG CoA reductase): I Substrate (UM)…
A: For a one-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…
Q: Dimethoate is a commonly used agrochemical. However, chronic exposure to it can cause an individual…
A: Hyper-ß-alaninemia is a condition characterized by excessive alanine in the muscles. In the context…
Q: Identify the parts of the G protein shown in the image. GB C Ga O GDP Answer Bank B subunit y…
A: G-protein is a GTP binding protein that is found closely associated with the receptor called the…
Q: Enolase catalyzes the reversible reaction shown below. Draw the detailed mechanism for the reaction…
A: Enolase catalyzes the interconversion between 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) and phosphoenolpyruvate…
Q: The protein catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: 2 H2O2 (aq)…
A: For a one-substrate enzyme reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…
Q: (a) 1 Normalized fluorescence 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 50 55 OM 0.100 M 0.200 M 0.300 M 0.500 M 1.00 M 2.00…
A: SYPRO Orange is a fluorescent molecular probe that binds to hydrophobic surfaces non-specifically…
Q: An enzyme with concentration of 3.0 uM is added to a flask containing 125 uM of substrate. You know…
A: The observed velocity (Vo) in enzyme kinetics denotes the initial rate of an enzyme-catalyzed…
Q: Write the one letter code for the oligopeptide Ser-Cys-Ile-Glu-Asn-Cys-Glu and calculate the total…
A: On a logarithmic scale from 0 to 14, pH, or "potential of hydrogen," measures the acidity or…
Q: What is the minimal resolution required for gleaning insights into structures of drug-drug target…
A: The minimal resolution required for gleaning insights into the structures of drug-drug target…
Q: Which of the following statements are true about the relationships of [S], KM, and Vmax? (Choose…
A: For a one-substrate enzyme catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…
Q: Explain why the cartoon pictures of proteins often look like ribbons coiled and laying flat. Your…
A: Proteins are primarily polypeptide chains. A polypeptide chain is simply a polymer of amino acids.…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false? Features a beta glycosidic bond between…
A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a genetic material that transfers genetic information from one…
Q: (e) [S] = 10KM 051000091 ods 26. MATHEMATICAL Determine the values of Kỵ and Vmax for the de-…
A: Km and Vmax are kinetic constants that help to determine the efficiency of an enzyme.Km is equal to…
Q: Diabetic patients may experience elevated levels of ketogenesis which, in turn, leads to acidosis.…
A: This buffer is responsible for maintaining the pH of blood plasma. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is the…
Q: A protein contains three 60-kD polypeptides and six 20-kD polypeptides. Each 60-kD chain is…
A: Electrophoresis means migration of charged particles under the influence of an electric…
Q: The fungus Aspergillus giganteus degrades wood using the ribonuclease a-Sarcin. Of the molecules…
A: The ribonuclease α-Sarcin is used by the fungus Aspergillus giganteus to decompose wood. By…
Q: Which of these lipids do not contain fatty acids? A) triacylglycerols b) phosphoglycerides c)…
A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that have two things in common:low solubility…
Q: Balance the reactions. A hint is provided to help you decide if the reaction will proceed as…
A: Since you asked multiple questions so as per Q&A guidelines of portal I answered first question…
Q: What kind of catalysis is cysteine driving in this picture? H-N. Metal catalysis Covalent catalysis…
A: General Acid/Base Catalysis: Catalysis involves proton transfer from weak acid or to weak base other…
Q: A mutation where Protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin kinase 2 is inhibited a. Increased Cytosolic…
A: Mutation of a protein can lead to either of the following 3 effects;decrease in the activity of the…
Q: 4. Draw a chemical mechanism (with electron-pushing arrows) for how glycine is added to a…
A: Ribosomes are protein-RNA complexes that catalyse peptide bond formation. A peptide bond is formed…
Q: The reaction coordinate diagram shown below is for the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase. KJ/mol ATP…
A: A reaction coordination graph is a graphical representation of the free energy changes that occur…
Q: Which is true of reducing disaccharidess: a) One sugar has an unlinked anomeric carbon b) the…
A: Since you have posted multiple multiple choice questions, we will provide the solution only to the…
Q: "de 96 5 no
A: Answer :- The pH of the solution and the pKa values of the side chains of amino acids must be taken…
Q: What peptides are expected to be produced when an unknown hormone (…
A: The amino acid sequence of the hormone of concern in one-letter abbreviation is given…
Q: Calculate the membrane potential in the transport of Cl- from the intracellular environment to the…
A: The following equation describes the mathematical relation for the change in free energy SHAPE \*…
Q: What kind of ion exchange resin would be most effective for purifying RNA molecules, an anion…
A: The purification of RNA molecules is a critical step in many molecular biology and biotechnology…
Q: Which type of motifs/folds are found in the protein shown below O Colled-coil O EF Hand O Horseshoe…
A: The final products of the expression, "the proteins" attain higher folding confirmation of…
Q: For the DNA sequence shown, indicate the products of its cleavage with the following restriction…
A: In the field of molecular biology and genetic engineering, restriction enzymes, commonly referred to…
Q: 19. The bond between a Carboxyl and an Amino group is what? hydrogen bonds peptide linkages a. b. C.…
A: Proteins are high molecular weight, three-dimensional biochemical polymers that serve diverse…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 3 images
- Carboxylic acids, such as the one shown below, can be difficult to reduce Provide the name of a reductant A. Explain why this reductant is able to react with the carboxylic acid whereas others cannot (Hint: Draw and discuss the potential reactive intermediates/transition states).Ethylene glycol (HO−CH2−CH2−OH) is a major component of antifreeze. In the body, it is first converted to HOOC−CHO (oxoethanoic acid) and then to HOOC−COOH (oxalic acid), which is toxic. What class of enzyme catalyzes both of the reactions of ethylene glycol? The treatment for the ingestion of ethylene glycol is an intravenous solution of ethanol. How might this help prevent toxic levels of oxalic acid in the body?Predict the mechanism as SN1, SN2, E1 or E2 and draw the major organic product formed in each reaction. Consider any regioselectivity and stereoselectivity where applicable: I’d be grateful if you helped with all of these but if not can you please help me answer f,g,h & j ?
- Hb Zanzibar has an AspG1(94)α to Glu mutation. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) It has a low affinity for O2 because a hydrogen bond in the T state is broken. b) It has a low affinity for O2 because a hydrogen bond in the R state is broken. c) The mutant has a lower affinity for O2 due to the loss of a hydrogen bond present in the T state. d) The Bohr effect is diminished due to the loss of the primary binding site of the Bohr proton. e) Cooperativity in the mutant is increased because the mutation occurs in the switch region.. Separating Glycated Hb From Normal Hb (Integrates with Chapters 5and 6.) Human hemoglobin can react with sugars in the blood(usually glucose) to form covalent adducts. The a-amino groups ofN-terminal valine in the Hb b-subunits react with the C-1 (aldehyde)carbons of monosaccharides to form aldimine adducts, whichrearrange to form very stable ketoamine products. Quantitation ofthis “glycated hemoglobin” is important clinically, especially fordiabetic individuals. Suggest at least three methods by which glycatedHb (also referred to as HbA1c) could be separated from normal Hband quantitatedA research group discovers a new version of happyase, which they call happyase*, that catalyzes the chemical reaction The researchers begin to characterize the enzyme. (a) In the first experiment, with [Et] at 4 nM, they find that the Vmax is 1.6 uM/s. Based on this experiment, what is the kcat for happyase*? (Include appropriate units.) (b) In another experiment, with [Et] at 1 nM and [HAPPY] at 30 uM, the researchers find that V0 = 300 nM/s. What is the measured Km of happyase* for its substrate HAPPY? (Include appropriate units.) (c) Further research shows that the purified happyase* used in the first two experiments was actually contaminated with a reversible inhibitor called ANGER. When ANGER is carefully removed from the happyase* preparation and the two experiments repeated, the measured Vmax in (a) is increased to 4.8 uM/s, and the measured Km in (b) is now 15 uM. Based on this information, can you figure out what type of inhibitor is ANGER? (Use table 6.9 at the end of the…
- A histidine was determined to be the critical residue involved in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. If the pKa of the histidine is known to be 6.5 in the active site and the pH of maximum catalytic activity is 7.2, what is likely the primary role of histidine in the catalytic reaction? A. forms a covalent bond with the substrate B. reduces the entropy of the substrate C. stabilizes a charged intermediate D. acts as a proton donor Aspartate and lysine are in the active site of an enzyme. They are both known to participate directly in catalysis. The pKa's of the residues are found to be 3.2 and 9.6, respectively for aspartate and lysine. The optimum pH for the enzyme is 6.4. Which forms of these two residues will predominate when the enzyme is most active? A. aspartate is protonated; lysine is deprotonated B. both residues are deprotonated C. aspartate is deprotonated; lysine is protonated D. both residues are protonatedWhich statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 A 10–8 M solution of HCl has a pH of 8.2 Most of the interactions between macromoleculescould be mediated just as well by covalent bonds as bynoncovalent bonds.3 Animals and plants use oxidation to extract energyfrom food molecules.4 If an oxidation occurs in a reaction, it must beaccompanied by a reduction.5 Linking the energetically unfavorable reaction A→ B to a second, favorable reaction B → C will shift theequilibrium constant for the first reaction.6 The criterion for whether a reaction proceedsspontaneously is ΔG not ΔG°, because ΔG takes intoaccount the concentrations of the substrates and products.7 The oxygen consumed during the oxidation of glu-cose in animal cells is returned as CO2 to the atmosphere.Though activation energy is just a mathematical term, what is this Term actually describing? In other words, what is happening at the molecular level when the activation energy for a given reaction is reached? Can u help me but keep it short and simple.
- Analysis of the Temperature-Dependent Term of the rate of reaction Provide at least 3 chemical equations with a given activation energy and frequency factor. (endothermic reactions, exothermic reactions, reactions with high and low Eact , reactions with catalyst) provide equation problems only. no need to solve it.1. Acid phosphatases are an important group of enzymes that can be detected in human bloodserum. Under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), this group of enzymes can hydrolyzebiological phosphate esters as follows:R-O-P-O3-2 + H 2O R-OH + HO-P-O3-2.Acid phosphatases are produced and can be detected in erythrocytes, kidney, spleen, the liver,and prostrate gland. The enzyme from the prostrate gland is clinically important because anincreased activity in the blood is frequently an indication of cancer of the prostrate gland.Tartrate ion can strongly inhibit the phosphatase from the prostrate gland, but not acidphosphatases from other tissues. How can you use the information above to develop a specificprocedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostrate gland in humanblood serum?Enalapril is an anti-hypertension “pro-drug” (i.e., a drug precursor) that isinactive until the ethyl ester (arrow in figure) is hydrolyzed by esterases present in blood plasma. The active drug is the dicarboxylic acid (“enalaprilat”) that results from this hydrolysis reaction.(a) Enalapril is administered in pill form, but enalaprilat must be administered intravenously. Why do you suppose enalapril works as a pill but enalaprilat does not? (b) Enalaprilat is a competitive inhibitor of the angiotensin-convertingenzyme (ACE), which cleaves the blood-pressure regulating peptideangiotensin I. ACE has a KM = 52 μM for angiotensin I, which is presentin plasma at a concentration of 75 μM. When enalaprilat is presentat 2.4 nM, the activity of ACE in plasma is 10% of its uninhibitedactivity. What is the value of K1 for enalaprilat?