Gregor Johann Mendel carried out experiments with pea plants that demonstrated how certain physical traits were passed down from one generation to the next in a predictable pattern. He introduced the concepts of dominant and recessive traits and established fundamental laws of inheritance for what is known as Mendelian Genetics. A trait can be inherited when each parent passes down one copy of a gene. Different versions of the same gene are known as alleles. Both gene copies are an organism’s genotype, and the physical expression of those genes is a phenotype. 1. Explain one of the three laws of inheritance proposed by Mendelian genetics. Mendelian inheritance can be visualized using Punnett squares. The first row and column represent the parental alleles, while the squares predict the possible combination of alleles of the resulting offspring. Dominant alleles are indicated by uppercase letters while recessive alleles are indicated by lowercase letters. The combination of alleles in Mendelian inheritance can be homozygous where both alleles are the same (RR / rr), or heterozygous where the alleles are different (Rr). 2. A cross test carried out by Mendel looked at how pod color is inherited, where R is the dominant green allele and r is the recessive yellow allele. Based on this cross, complete the following Punnett square. 3. What are the predicted offspring genotype frequencies? RR:__________% rr:__________% Rr:__________% 4, What are the predicted offspring phenotype frequencies? Green:__________% Yellow:__________% 5. Mendel also tested his laws of inheritance with other traits, such as flower color. The dominant alleles (T) are purple, whereas the recessive alleles (t) are white. Assuming that Mendelian inheritance is at work, complete the following Punnett square for two heterozygous parents. 6. What are the predicted offspring genotype frequencies? TT:__________% tt:__________% Tt:__________% 7. What are the predicted offspring phenotype frequencies? Purple:__________% White:__________%
Gregor Johann Mendel carried out experiments with pea plants that demonstrated how certain physical traits were passed down from one generation to the next in a predictable pattern. He introduced the concepts of dominant and recessive traits and established fundamental laws of inheritance for what is known as Mendelian Genetics. A trait can be inherited when each parent passes down one copy of a gene. Different versions of the same gene are known as alleles. Both gene copies are an organism’s genotype, and the physical expression of those genes is a
1. Explain one of the three laws of inheritance proposed by Mendelian genetics.
Mendelian inheritance can be visualized using Punnett squares. The first row and column represent the parental alleles, while the squares predict the possible combination of alleles of the resulting offspring. Dominant alleles are indicated by uppercase letters while recessive alleles are indicated by lowercase letters. The combination of alleles in Mendelian inheritance can be homozygous where both alleles are the same (RR / rr), or heterozygous where the alleles are different (Rr).
2. A cross test carried out by Mendel looked at how pod color is inherited, where R is the dominant green allele and r is the recessive yellow allele. Based on this cross, complete the following Punnett square.
3. What are the predicted offspring genotype frequencies? RR:__________% rr:__________% Rr:__________%
4, What are the predicted offspring phenotype frequencies? Green:__________% Yellow:__________%
5. Mendel also tested his laws of inheritance with other traits, such as flower color. The dominant alleles (T) are purple, whereas the recessive alleles (t) are white. Assuming that Mendelian inheritance is at work, complete the following Punnett square for two heterozygous parents.
6. What are the predicted offspring genotype frequencies? TT:__________% tt:__________% Tt:__________%
7. What are the predicted offspring phenotype frequencies? Purple:__________% White:__________%
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