"he equation p + 2pq + q° = 1 representing the lardy-Weinberg proportions examines genes with nly two alleles in a population. . Derive a similar equation describing the equilib- rium proportions of genotypes for a gene with three alleles. [Hint: Remember that the Hardy- Weinberg equation can be written as the binomial expansion (p + q)*.] A single gene with three alleles (r^, 1", and i) is responsible for the ABO blood groups. Individuals with blood type A can be either rr or ^ i; those with blood type B can be either 1" 1 or 1" i; people with AB blood are A ", and type O individuals are ii. Among Armenians, the frequency of is 0.360, the frequency of " is 0.104, and the frequency of i

"he equation p + 2pq + q° = 1 representing the lardy-Weinberg proportions examines genes with nly two alleles in a population. . Derive a similar equation describing the equilib- rium proportions of genotypes for a gene with three alleles. [Hint: Remember that the Hardy- Weinberg equation can be written as the binomial expansion (p + q)*.] A single gene with three alleles (r^, 1", and i) is responsible for the ABO blood groups. Individuals with blood type A can be either rr or ^ i; those with blood type B can be either 1" 1 or 1" i; people with AB blood are A ", and type O individuals are ii. Among Armenians, the frequency of is 0.360, the frequency of " is 0.104, and the frequency of i

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7QP: How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? Drawing on your newly acquired understanding...

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In a human population, the following data were obtained for numbers of people with each blood type (for 3 alleles, use 3 variables p,q, and r ; Hardy-Weinburg equation becomes (p^2 + q^2 + r^2 +2pq + 2pr + 2qr = 1):Type O – 804Type A – 997Type B – 295Type AB – 177Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain.
Three linked loci A, B, C (each with two alleles as in Question 2) in a random mating population havethe gametic frequencies as shown below. Calculate the linkage disequilibium D/Dmax between eachpair of loci. Explain why the results seem paradoxical. [based on Hartl 3rd ed. Q1.15 – try on yourown before checking the answer, and show your calculations for D and Dmax]Gamete ABC ABc AbC Abc aBC aBc abC abcFrequency 0.25 0 0.25 0 0 0.25 0 0.25 respectively
While studying the frequency of sickle-cell disease ("sickle cell anemia") in a population living in sub-Saharan Africa, you obtain the following data from a sample of n= 100 people (note that I chose a simpler system for identifying the alleles rather than using "Hb S" for sickle cell allele), which is the actual name and what you used in lab). What is the frequency of the sickle cell allele (b) in the sample below from a human population? Sample Data BB-60 individuals (No sickle cell disease) Bb-30 individuals (No sickle cell disease) bb-10 individuals (Sickle cell disease) 1. 0.25 2. 0.10 3. 0.35 4. 0.60 5. 0.20
Tay–Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. Among Ashkenazi Jews, the frequency of Tay–Sachs disease is 1 in 3600. Assuming the Ashkenazi population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what proportion of the population is expected to be carriers (e.g. heterozygous) for the Tay–Sachs allele?
A gene has two alleles A (frequency = p) and a(frequency = q). If a population is at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium, develop mathematical expressions interms of p and q that predict the following matingfrequencies:a. Between two AA homozygotesb. Between two aa homozygotesc. Between two Aa heterozygotesd. Between an AA homozygote and an aa homozygotee. Between an AA homozyote and an Aa heterozygotef. Between an aa homozygote and an Aa heterozygote Considering your answers to parts (a)–(f):g. Do the six possibilities listed account for all possible matings? How would you know whether this istrue mathematically? Demonstrate this latter pointby setting p equal to an arbitrary number between0 and 1 such as 0.2.h. Can you develop a simple, general rule for calculating the mating frequencies between individualsof the same genotype versus the mating frequencies between individuals of different genotypes?i. If the population is equally divided between malesand females, what proportion of all matings…
In monkeys, black coat color (B) is dominant over brown color (b). A population of monkeys was found to be composed of 67 brown coated individuals and 119 black coated individuals. Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, what proportion of the population is expected to have the genotype BB? Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, what proportion of the population is expected to bave black coat color?
Sickle-cell anemia is a recessive disease that afflicts approximately 1 in 12 African Americans, meaning that the frequency of ss homozygotes is 0.09. Assuming the African American population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of Ss carriers in this population?
in the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what do the terms p2, q2, and 2pq represent, in terms of the genetic structure of a population?
How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? The MN blood group is a single-gene, two-allele system in which each allele is codominant. Why are such codominant alleles ideal for studies of allele frequencies in a population?
Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a given population, the frequencies of the four phenotypic classes of the ABO blood groups are found to be A = 0.33, B = 0.33, AB = 0.18, and i = 0.16. What is the frequency of the i allele?
If there is no genetic variation within a population for a given trait, what is the heritability for the trait in the population?
Consider the case of a hypothetical genetic disease called WhySciEleven (WSE), an inherited disease that results to the inability to complete production of an amino acid “moduleactivity” that results in brain damage if untreated. WSE is due to a recessive allele. Given one WSE occurrence per 10,000 births. Which term in the Hardy-Weinberg equation corresponds to the frequency of individuals who have no alleles for the disease WSE? a. p b. 2pq c. p2 d. q2