Help with this, please! 22.7 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation, continued. Figure 22.3 shows the Minitab output for a chi-square test with a null hypothesis of no association between treatment received and abstinence outcome in the population of smokers who want to quit for the study first described in exercise 22.1. A) What is the P-value of the chi-square test? B) Explain why it doesn't make sense in this study to find the components that contribute the most to X2 or to closely examine how the observed counts differ from the expected counts. C) Conclude in the context of this problem. (c) Show how the first chi-square component in the Minitabcomputed.(d) What is the value of the chi-square statistic reported by Minitab! Verify that,(c) Show how the first chi-square component in the Minitab output (0.48745) wasup to rounding error, this value is the sum of all six chi-square components shownup to rounding error, this value is the sum of all six chi-square componene that,in the Minitab output.ulMinitabChi-Square Test for Association: Treatment, Worksheet columnsRows: TreatmentColumns: Worksheet columnsVerifiedabstinence Non-abstinent AllNicotine e-cigarette21268 28918.04270.960.487450.03244Patch1727829518.41276.590.107910.00718Placebo e-cigarette370734.5668.440.531170.03535All41616 657Cell Contents:CountExpected countContribution to Chi-squareFIGURE 22.3Pearson Chi-Square1.202, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.548%3D%3DLikelihood Ratio Chi-Square = 1.253, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.534%3D%3DMinitab chi-square output for theEwo-way table of e-cigarettes andsmoking cessation.* NOTE 1 cells with expected counts less than 5 4020Percenttus? they the andare they part of the of given sta-(b) the into a similar two-way Are these pThese barscompare "Neveruse" percents:46% for cases,55% for controls.Cases Controls< FIGBar graNever usePast usetherappostm-(casesdiagnoCurrent oralCurrenttransdermalERT useERT use(P)22.1 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) arebattery-operated devices that can deliver nicotine and other chemicals in watervapor instead of smoke. They are a relatively recent invention with little scientificevaluation, yet some people believe that e-cigarettes could help smokers who wantto quit smoking. Researchers in New Zealand randomly assigned 657 adult smokerswanting to quit to three treatment groups: nicotine patches, nicotine e-cigarettes,and placebo e-cigarettes. Smoking abstinence at the end of the study was assessedbiochemically for all participants with a breath analyzer. The published researchreports that, "at 6 months, verified abstinence was 7.3% (21 of 289) with nicotinee-cigarettes, 5.8% (17 of 295) with patches, and 4.1% (three of 73) with placeboe-cigarettes.»2MAX(a) Organize the study findirgs in the following two-way table of counts. Add thegroup totals to your table.tstsSmoking status at six monthsNon-abstinent..Total... .Verified abstinenceTreatment groupNicotine e-cigarettesPatchesNow organize the cited percents into a similar two-way table. Are these per-Cents part of the conditional distribution of abstinence, given treatment group, orPlacebo e-cigarettesthey part of the conditional distribution of treatment, given abstinence sta-What do they suggest about the relationship between treatment assigned andf onhid drops.anhids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, are small, wingless,1ode predators (such as ladybugs)

Help with this, please! 22.7 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation, continued. Figure 22.3 shows the Minitab output for a chi-square test with a null hypothesis of no association between treatment received and abstinence outcome in the population of smokers who want to quit for the study first described in exercise 22.1. A) What is the P-value of the chi-square test? B) Explain why it doesn't make sense in this study to find the components that contribute the most to X2 or to closely examine how the observed counts differ from the expected counts. C) Conclude in the context of this problem.

Help with this, please! 22.7 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation, continued. Figure 22.3 shows the Minitab output for a chi-square test with a null hypothesis of no association between treatment received and abstinence outcome in the population of smokers who want to quit for the study first described in exercise 22.1. A) What is the P-value of the chi-square test? B) Explain why it doesn't make sense in this study to find the components that contribute the most to X2 or to closely examine how the observed counts differ from the expected counts. C) Conclude in the context of this problem.

Elements Of Modern Algebra

8th Edition

ISBN:9781285463230

Author:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie

Publisher:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie

Chapter2: The Integers

Section2.7: Introduction To Coding Theory (optional)

Problem 8E: Suppose the probability of incorrectly transmitting a single bit is . Compute the probability of...

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