Hope the answer to all questions   Nutrition The mean ±1 sd of ln [calcium intake (mg)] among 25 females, 12 to 14 years of age, below the poverty level is 6.56 ± 0.64. Similarly, the mean ± 1 sd of ln [calcium intake (mg)] among 40 females, 12 to 14 years of age, above the poverty level is 6.80 ± 0.76. 8.2 Test for a significant difference between the variances of the two groups. 8.3 What is the appropriate procedure to test for a significant difference in means between the two groups? 8.4 Implement the procedure in Problem 8.3 using the critical-value method. 8.5 What is the p-value corresponding to your answer to Problem 8.4? 8.6 Compute a 95% CI for the difference in means between the two groups.

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.