Host A is sending data to host Bover a full duplex link. A and B are using the sliding window protocol for flow control. The send and receive window sizes are 5 packets each. Data packets (sent only from A to B) are all 1000 bytes long and the transmission time for such a packet is 50 µs. Acknowledgment packets (sent only from B to A) are very small and require negligible transmission time. The propagation delay over th 200
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- Write a program to simulate the behavior of the CSMA/CD protocol over Ethernet when ther are N stations ready to transmit while a frame is being transmitted. Your program should report the times when each station successfully starts sending its frame. Assume that a clock tick occurs every slot time (51.2 microsec) and a collison detection and sending of a jamming sequence takes one slot time. All frames are the maximum length allowed.Write a program to simulate the behaviour of the CSMA/CD protocol over Ethernet when there are N stations ready to transmit while a frame is being transmitted your program should report the times when euch station successfully starts sending its frame. Assume that a clock tick occurs once every slot time (57.2 usec) and a collision detection and sending of a jamming sequence. takes one slot time. All frames are the maximum length allowedBerkeley Computer Science example (CS-168): Picture this: there are two hosts (A and B). The two hosts are connected by 50 msec of propagation delay. The bandwidth is equal to 106 B/sec. Note that the hosts use a sliding window where (W = 4, and packet size = 1000 Bytes) with (Selective Repeat). We will ignore the size of ACK and assume that the timer value for each packet is set as (send time + RTT) and retransmission occurs immediately after a timer expires. Make sure to assume that the packets are sent in sequence starting at time 0. How long does it take to successfully receive all 4 packets (P_0, P_1, P_2, P_3). Your answer should be in milliseconds. 1. When there is no packet loss. 2. When the P_1 packet becomes lost, but there is no further packet loss
- This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmission delay, twocentral concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link ofrate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagationspeed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B.a. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of Land R.c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the endto-end delay.d. Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t = 0. At time t = dtrans,where is the last bit of the packet?e. Suppose dprop is greater than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit ofthe packet?f. Suppose dprop is less than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit ofthe packet?g. Suppose s = 2.5 · 108, L = 120 bits, and R = 56 kbps. Find the distance mso that dprop equals…This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay andtransmission delay, two central concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, Aand B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts areseparated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is smeters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B.a. Express the propagation delay, ????? , in terms of m and s.b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, ?????? , in terms of L and R.c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end to-enddelayConsider a scenario in which Host A wants to simultaneously send packets to Hosts B and C. A is connected to B and C via a broadcast channel—a packet sent by A is carried by the channel to both B and C. Suppose that the broadcast channel connecting A, B, and C can independently lose and corrupt packets (and so, for example, a packet sent from A might be correctly received by B, but not by C). Design a stop-and-wait-like error-control protocol for reliably transferring packets from A to B and C, such that A will not get new data from the upper layer until it knows that both B and C have correctly received the current packet. Give FSM descriptions of A and C.
- This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmission delay, two central concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B. a. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of L and R.c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay.d. Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t = 0. At time t = dtrans, where is the last bit of the packet?e. Suppose dprop is greater than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?f. Suppose dprop is less than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?g. Suppose s = 2.5 * 108 meters/sec, L = 120 bits, and R = 0.112 Mbps. Find the distance m…A sender with window size (W=3) is connected to a go back N receiver by a link with bandwidth =106 bytes/second and propagation delay of 0.25 msec. The receiver sends Positive ACK for correctly received in order packets. For each packet sent, the sender sets a timer with time out value of 5 msec. On receiving an ack for that packet, the timer is cancelled. If the timer expires, that packet is retransmitted immediately. Assume that the sender sends packets 1, 2, and 3 (at t=0, packet size =1000 Bytes) and packet 2 is lost. NO other packet is lost. Under this scheme , at what time (in msec) would all the packets been received at the receiver.This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay andtransmission delay, two central concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, Aand B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts areseparated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is smeters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B. d. Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t=0 . At time t= ?????? ,where is the last bit of the packet? e. Suppose ????? is greater than ?????? . At time t= ??????, where is the first bit of the packet?f. Suppose ????? is less than ??????. At time t= ?????? , where is the first bit of thepacket?
-  Assume a simple network of two directly adjacent routers. At time T=0 seconds both sent updates (A -> B "can reach 10.0.0.0 with cost 1", B -> A "can reach 20.0.0.0 with cost 1"). At time T=10 second router B exploded and, as a sad consequence, it stopped sending or receiving any packets. Select all statements that are true: - If at T=15s A sends a packet to 20.0.0.1, A will immediately drop the packet - If at T=15s A sends a packet to 20.0.0.1, it will not reach the destination - If at T=125s A sends a packet to 20.0.0.1, A will immediately drop the packet - At time T=125s node A has no knowledge about the route to 20.0.0.0/24 - If at T=185s A sends a packet to 20.0.0.1, A will immediately drop the packet - At time T=185s node A has no knowledge about the route to 20.0.0.0/24 - If at T=305s A sends a packet to 20.0.0.1, A will immediately drop the packet - At time T=305s node A has no knowledge about the route to 20.0.0.0/24This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmission delay, two central concepts in datanetworking. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts areseparated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet ofsize L bits to Host B.a. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of L and R.c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay.d. Suppose Host Abegins to transmit the packet at time t = 0. At time t = dtrans, where is the last bit of the packet?e. Suppose dprop is greater than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?f. Suppose dprop is less than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?g. g. Suppose s = 2.5 · 108, L = 120 bits, and R = 56 kbps. Find the distance m so that dprop…This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay andtransmission delay, two central concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, Aand B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts areseparated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is smeters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B. g. Suppose ? = 2.5?108, L=1500 bytes, and R=10 Mbps. Find the distance m sothat ????? equals ??????.