How are B cells activated, what events are involved in this process,and what happens after B cells are activated?

Q: What is the source of Interferons (type I)?

A: Interferons can be defined as the group of signaling proteins that are released with the help of…

Q: What are the structural and functional differences between a B cell and a plasma cell?

A: Lymphocytes or the white blood cells are a part of teh immune system. They are of to types namely, B…

Q: What kinds of symptoms accompany B-cell defects, T-cell defects, and combined defects?

A: “Primary immunodeficiency” diseases are the results of genetic or hereditary defects. Some examples…

Q: In the absence of thymus, where does the maturation of t cells occur ?

A: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes are two important immune cells that take part in acquired immunity…

Q: What are interferons? How do interferons check infection of new cells

A: Given: Interferons are the types of proteins that are part of our natural defenses.Interferons are a…

Q: Explain the two processes by which B-cells are activated to inactivate an antigen?

A: B cells are activated mainly by either of the two processes -  PROCESS 1-  B cells are activated…

Q: What are the protective outcomes of antibodies binding to antigen?

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: When encountering antigen, describe the mechanism of antigen presentation by B cells.

A: Antigen presenting cell or APC is any cell that can process and present a part of antigen in…

Q: What are monoclonal antibodies?

A: Antibodies are Y shaped proteins found in blood that mainly get attached with the foreign invaders…

Q: Describe how secondary B cell responses aredeveloped.

A: Immunology is a part of science that covers the investigation of immune frameworks altogether living…

Q: What is meant by 'B lymphocytes are sensitive to clonal deletion'?

A: Immunity

Q: What are the stages of development and the functions of B cells and T cells, whose failure causes…

A: Hindrance in the development of cells leads to apoptosis and destruction of cells. It is studied…

Q: How are B cells that are self-reactive in the lymph nodes are handled? How is it detected? Does it…

A: The lymphatic system consists of a group of cells or immune cells that inhabits all the organs of…

Q: How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?

A: B cells also known as B lymphocytes are type of white blood cells and functions in humoral immunity…

Q: Describe three ways in which B cells and T cells are similar and atleast five major ways in which…

A: Lymphocytes belong to the category of white blood cells and serve the function of immunity.  As its…

Q: What is an antigen-presenting cell? By which mechanism do the “present” antigens?

A: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are essential for the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immune…

Q: Describe what is assembled on the surface of pre-B cells.

A: Pre B cells are cells in the bone marrow that are progenators of the B cells that are a part of the…

Q: Monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into general connective tissues, where they…

A: For human survival, our immune system is critical. Our body would be vulnerable to bacteria,…

Q: What is the activation signal for NK cells? How doesthis differ from the activity of T-cytotoxic…

A: Introduction: Natural killer cells are lymphocytes of the same family as T and B cells. They are…

Q: Explain why the B cells response is described as “humoral”, but the T cell’s response is described…

A: Both B cells and T cells are lymphocytes that are gotten from explicit sorts of foundational…

Q: How do NK cells accomplish the task of eliminating unwanted cells?

A: The lymphoreticular system, which includes lymphoid and reticuloendothelial components, is in charge…

Q: True or False: Plasma B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream?

A: Plasma B Cells, also known as Plasma cells are a differentiated white blood cells which are capable…

Q: If an antigen mutates, will the same lymphocytes recognize it?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  IMMUNE SYSTEM  it defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…

Q: What is the relationship between the HTC and B-cells?

A: *The relation between Helper T cells and B cells is that that antigen-specific helper T cells…

Q: Where are B-cells and T-cells formed? How do they differ from each other?

A: B cells and T cells are lymphocytes that are derived from specific types of stem cells called…

Q: How do cytotoxic T cells destroy cells bearing foreign antigens?

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: How does a naive lymphocyte differ from an activated one?

A: White blood cells are lymphocytes and are also one of the major forms of immune cells within the…

Q: What is the difference between T cells and B cells?

A: Immune cells are the defense cells that protect the body from infective agents. The cells of the…

Q: List the CD4+T lymphocytes lineages? What determines CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation? Which…

A: CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in adaptive immunity because they support both cytotoxic T cell and…

Q: What is involved in the four categories of B-cell and T-cell mediated hypersensitivities?

A: There are four states of hypersensitivity. State I is characterized by immediate allergies that are…

Q: What three molecules are released by NK cells to destroy an infected or cancerous cell?

A: Natural killers cells are a type of lymphocytes present in the blood circulation and form a…

Q: Explain why are B cells known as Antigen Presenting cells and what happens after antigen…

A: As B cell has MHC class II so that it can present antigen.  B celk has IgM or IgD antibody that…

Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?

A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…

Q: Explain the process used to produce monoclonal antibodies and the reasons that they are produced.

A: Monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single cell through cell division. While antibodies produced…

Q: What are the differences in the types of antigens recognized by antibodies and T cell receptors?

A: Antigens are foreign molecules that aid in the trigger of specific immune responses. They activate…

Q: hat is the role of B cells?

A: Lymphocytes are white blood cells that also function as immune cells in the body. They are produced…

Q: What are the positive and negative selections of lymphocytes in the thymus?

A: T-lymphocytes cells are produced in the bone marrow from the stem cells and develop in the thymus.…

Q: What kind of symptoms accompany B-cell defects, T-cell defects,and combined defects, and why is this…

A: Primary diseases are congenital and generally originating due to errors in genetic makeup. The…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.