Explain the process used to produce monoclonal antibodies and the reasons that they are produced.

Q: Contrast type II and type III hypersensitivities with respect to typeof antigen, antibody, and…

A: The undesirable reactions produced by the body's immune system which includes allergy and…

Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantifi ed.

A: Antigen-antibody reaction is a chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the…

Q: Define polyclonal antibodies.

A: Antibodies are Y shaped soluble glycoproteins that are produced in response to the antigens by…

Q: Describe B lymphocytes and antibodies and explain how they function.

A: B LYMPHOCYTES WBC and a type of lymphocyte. Many B cells mature into plasma cells that produce…

Q: Identify the different types of interferons and describe their origin and actions.

A: Interferons are the naturally occurring glycoproteins and a part of the cytokine family synthesized…

Q: Determine the connection between the sign (elevated antibodies and the symptom (thrombosis).

A: The situation in which a blood clot forms and blocks a blood vessel in the cardiovascular system is…

Q: Explain what causes an allergic reaction.

A: An allergic reaction is a response generated by the immune system of the body. This causes various…

Q: Describe three circumstances that might cause antibodies to developagainst self tissues.

A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…

Q: What are the protective outcomes of antibodies binding to antigen?

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: describe the actions of antibodies against diseaseagents;

A: A huge, Y-shaped protein utilized by the immune system to recognize and nullify foreign substances,…

Q: Describe the role of IgM in immunity

A: IgM is one of the class of antibodies and consists of five four chain structures. It is the largest…

Q: following terms briefly? Immune Respo

A: The most prominent feature of immune system is is the feature of possessing memory. Memory is a very…

Q: Describe the processing and presentation of an intracellular antigen.

A: Antigen processing and presentation is an immunological process through which the antigen-presenting…

Q: Name the WBCs that produce antibodies.

A: The WBCs are the white blood cells or leukocytes and these are cells of the immune system that are…

Q: Define the Classes of Human Antibodies ?

A: Antibodies are used as a defense against various pathogens. Antibodies are used to prevent and cure…

Q: Give the principal function of lymphocytes, and differentiate between the two lymphocyte types and…

A: The principal function of lymphocytes: These are fundamental cells of our immune system and helps in…

Q: How is the bivalence of antibodies significant for a precipitationreaction, and under what…

A: Antibodies are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the foreign particles and…

Q: Explain specifics and nonspecific immunity

A: The immune system has a vital role in protecting the body from outside pathogens (bacteria, viruses,…

Q: How are monoclonal antibodies categorised

A: Antibodies produced ordinarily by infection or immunization are polyclonal because natural antigens…

Q: Explain the mechanisms of immune complex disease.

A: Antigen–antibody deposition and complement activation characterise immune complex illnesses, which…

Q: List and explain examples of immune disorders and allergies, and discuss the effects of stress on…

A: There are several immune disorder out of which auto immune diseases is the common. In autoimmune…

Q: What is the significance of the level of IgM antibodies in clinical diagnosis?

A: In our body,  immunoglobulin is the antibody that has the power to protect us from any pathogen as a…

Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantified

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: Describe the role of IgM in immunity.

A: Natural immunoglobulin M is a pentameric, polyreactive antibody produced by the b1 B cells. This…

Q: Explain why are B cells known as Antigen Presenting cells and what happens after antigen…

A: As B cell has MHC class II so that it can present antigen.  B celk has IgM or IgD antibody that…

Q: Describe the attachment of antibodies to antigens. What eventuallyhappens to the antigens?

A: Antibody, likewise called immunoglobulin, a protective protein produced by the immune system in…

Q: Define immunoglobulin (IG)

A: Immunoglobulin or IG are chiefly known as antibodies are large Y shaped protein  . These are…

Q: Describe the origins and effects of primary immune diseasescaused by B-cell, T-cell, or combined…

A: Immune system provides immunity or protection against foreign substances by involving specific…

Q: Which antibody(antibodies) is(are) present?

A: Answer 1. Lewis  antibody :-  Lewis antibodies are naturally occurring antibodies ,almost always IGM…

Q: The presence of IgM antibodies indicate what type of infection? Acute or Chronic? Explain

A: IgM antibodies are membrane bound immunoglobulin.

Q: Describe the development of antigen receptors on lymphocytes

A: Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that are the major immune cells. The lymphocytes are…

Q: Name the type of cells that produce antibodies?

A: The antibody is also called immunoglobulin that is a protective protein produced by the immune…

Q: Explain the general function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

A: Immune cells originate from stem cells in the bone marrow to produce several kinds of white blood…

Q: Describe in detail the information on what a Monoclonal Antibodies is

A: One way the immune system of the body attacks foreign agents is by producing large number of the…

Q: Explain the causes and effects of immunodeficiency

A: Immunodeficiency diseases are caused by a defect in one or more components of innate or adaptive…

Q: List the types of leukocytes of the immune system, and describe where they may be found.

A: Introduction  The human body is consisting of around 37 trillion cells in total however a large…

Q: Describe the immune response involved in blood type incompatibility, Rh incompatibility, and tissue…

A: Incompatibility of blood types: When people including one blood type obtain blood from someone with…

Q: Define cytotoxic T cell

A: Two types of lymphocytes are known. These are B cells and T cells. These are involved in adaptive…

Q: Define the term: antigen

A: An immune response is a reaction that occurs within the body of an organism for the purpose of…

Q: Define the term antibodies?

A: Antibodies are a type of protein molecule. Proteins are the biomolecules composed of one or many…

Q: Discuss three differences between antigen and antibodies

A: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can cause humans to become ill or die depending on the…

Q: What is monoclonal antibodies? How it can be categorized

A: Antibodies are Y shaped proteins found in blood that mainly get attached with the foreign invaders…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.