How are the alarmones ppGpp and pppGpp synthesized?

Q: What is the advantage to the organization of the PDH complex?

A: ATP is the energy currency for all living cells. The citric acid cycle is a combination of 8…

Q: How many high-phosphoryltransferpotential molecules are required to synthesize…

A: The cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, a complex class of lipids in which phosphate is…

Q: What is the Source of Cyclic AMP (cAMP)?

A: Adenosine triphosphate is also known as  ATP, is the molecule that plays the role in carrying the…

Q: What is the rate limiting step in catecholamines synthesis ?

A: Catecholamines are the group of chemical substances like dopamine , epinephrine and nor epinephrine…

Q: What does the fact that the two histograms overlap as much asthey do indicate about the extent to…

A: Introduction  PCSK-9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9) is newly discovered serine…

Q: What is your reaction about Covid-19?

A: Viruses are unicellular organisms that are known to replicate only in the host cells. They consist…

Q: Why is cAMP a “second messenger”?

A: Signal transduction in cells is the way that a signal from an external perspective of a phone is…

Q: What is the three-dimensional structure of GPCRs? How does the structure of these receptors…

A: GPCR means G-protein coupled receptors. These proteins are found on the cell surface and act as…

Q: What is ARD? Discuss the mechanism of ARD and its importance.

A: According to the question, we have to explain what is ARD. In addition to that, the mechanism of ARD…

Q: What proteins within a cell are phosphorylated when a positive inotropic agent activates the cAMP…

A: The nucleus of the circulatory system is the heart. The heart is exquisitely able to match cardiac…

Q: How are competent cells prepared by the action of CaCl2 ?

A: The bacterial cells that possess pores in their cell walls, making it easy for the cell to take the…

Q: what is the standard of FTIR in pectin?

A: Infrared spectroscopy analyses the samples by infrared spectrum. The infrared absorption of…

Q: Why the physiology of the HGFs is very complex?

A: HGF (Hepatocyte growth factor) is the protein component present in the body

Q: What is paracrine signalling?

A: Cell signaling is the interaction of cell correspondence inside the body driven by cells delivering…

Q: how does covid 19 has an impact on cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure?

A:

Q: What are the similarities that lead to activation of G-coupled protein receptors (GCPR) and those…

A: G-coupled protein receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface receptors that respond to a wide range of outer…

Q: What is glucocorticoid receptor ?

A: Receptors are the proteins which are embedded on the cell membrane of both prokaryotes and…

Q: What is dipicolinic acid and the DPA complex, and where is itfound?

A: Dipicolinic acid is associated with the bacterial population. It is otherwise known as…

Q: Describe the main mechanisms by which G proteins are activated upon norepinephrine binding

A: G proteins are molecular switches that are active when bound to GTP and capable of hydrolyzing the…

Q: What are the main biocheanical role of vitomine B6. of

A: Vitamin B6 is also known as pyridoxine and its active form is paradoxical phosphate.

Q: The phosphodiesterase that catalyzes hydrolysis of cyclic AMP is inhibited by caffeine. What overall…

A: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, PDE refers to…

Q: What is G-proteincoupled receptors?

A: G-protein can be defined as a neutral tight binding protein that acts as a molecular switch inside…

Q: Describe the relationship between AMPK and mTORC1

A: AMPK is an activated protein kinase enzyme present in the cells, and it gets activated in the…

Q: Explain Ca21 as a Second Messenger?

A: Introduction  Calcium is a very important ion present intracellularly. It controls various processes…

Q: How does 17 beta estradiol action differ from that of hormones that bind G-protein-coupled…

A: The hormones are chemical messenger that are released from the endocrine glands or specialised cells…

Q: What are the two reactions that control densities of RGD and VEGF respectively? Draw the reactions…

A: Answer of the question given below...

Q: What are Cohesin proteins ?

A: Proteins are macromolecules that are known as building blocks of the body. They are composed of…

Q: what are the symptoms of covid-19?

A: Symptoms of Covid-19: Covid -19 affects different people in different ways.  Most common symptoms:…

Q: Why Valinomycin is highly selective for K+ relative to Na+?

A: Valinomycin is a naturally occurring dodecadepsipeptide used in the transport of potassium and as an…

Q: draw A molecular model for cohesin

A: Chromosomes are carrier of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Chromosome replication occurs in S-phase of…

Q: What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?

A: a. The second messenger is short intracellular signaling molecules that are released by the cell to…

Q: signaling molecule from the ZPA?

A: The SHH gene provides instructions for making a protein called Sonic Hedgehog. This protein…

Q: How can cAMP’s activation of a single molecule?

A: Introduction  cAMP (Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate) is a secondary messenger which gets produced in…

Q: Explain how vinclozolin acts as an endocrine disrupter.

A: Answer: Introduction: Vinclozolin is a type of fungicide have role in curing diseases in animals,…

Q: What are Local Transmission of Covid-19

A: Some useful terms related to COVID-19 SARS ( Severe acute respiratory syndrome), CoV ( covid 19)…

Q: hat are the physiological effects of prostaglandins, explain how aspirin can block the synthesis of…

A: Introduction: Prostaglandins are a group of closely related biologically active lipids, that are…

Q: What are the signal molecules that regulate the activity of PAP?

A: PAP - It is 3'- Phosphoadinisine -5' Phosphate, it involves in the inhibition of a group of nuclease…

Q: What are the effects of COVID-19 on medical frontliners and patients

A: Covid -19 is a pandemic disease .  It spreads all over the world.  It is caused by corona virus. (…

Q: Describe the experimental rationale that allowed the lacrepressor to be isolated ?

A: A gene is a fundamental unit of heredity and a grouping of nucleotides in DNA (deoxyribonucleic…

Q: who can harbor/carry the covid-19?

A: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome…

Q: How does COVID-19 cause death

A: COVID-19 is caused by coronavirus. It is an airborne disease affecting worldwide. The symptoms of…

Q: who is most at risk of shiver illness from covid-19?

A: Coronavirus disease is caused by SARS CoV-2 virus. The virus affects the respiratory system that…

Q: What are the effects of calcium as a seconf messenger?

A: The cell signal as two messengers such as, the first messenger and second messengers. The first…

Q: What elements are involved in IPTG Induction?

A: IPTG induction also called as Isopropyle- beta-D-thiogalactopyranocide. It induced the E coli lac…

Q: How do you suppose the serine/threonine acetylase activity of YopJ might interfere with TAK1…

A: Yersinia pestis causes plague, it is a bacterial species. Yops are the proteins secreted by this.…

Wound infections

A wound is damaged or breaks in the surface of the skin. The wound is divided into two types, they are acute wound that includes minor cuts, laceration, bites, etc, and chronic wounds that can become slow to heal including ulcers on the legs and feet. Redness, pain, and swelling are signs of a wound.