How can M13 virions be released without killing the infectedhost cell?

Q: How does an HIV particle acquire its envelope?

A: The human immunodeficiency virus causes HIV infection, which can later progress to become acquired…

Q: Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the…

A: The viruses that infect bacterial cells are referred to as bacteriophages. There are two types of…

Q: How do the African trypanosomes avoid the effects of antibodies?

A: A solitary celled parasitic protozoan with a following flagellum, plaguing the blood.…

Q: Which mosquito is the carrier of Zika virus?

A: Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in monkeys in Uganda in 1947. In…

Q: After HIV components are made, what is the correct order of thestages that produce mature HIV…

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that is defined by its property of assembling its…

Q: How might the virus target host-cell Z-DNA formation to block the synthesis of antiviral proteins?

A: Antiviral proteins are proteins formed by animal or human cells that are responsible for the…

Q: Females with a disease exactly mimicking X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) have been found. Explain…

A: Genetic diseases much like genetic traits are transferred from one generation to another. Often…

Q: What is adeno-associated virus (AAV) ?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: does HIV have a protein coat? if yes what is its structure? what enzymes does it use for its…

A: HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that infects the T-helper cells of the immune system. It is…

Q: Prior to entry, the _________ glycoprotein of the HIV virus recognizes the ______ receptor on the…

A: Step 1 Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a rounded enveloped retrovirus with a core having two…

Q: How a TC cell destroys a virus-infected cell or cancer cell ?

A: The cell can be defined as the smallest unit of life. They are the "building blocks of life". The…

Q: What is the function of a virion?

A: A virion is a full virus particle.

Q: what does the lytic cycle let the virus do?

A: Bacteriophage(phage) is defined as a group of viruses where they play a major role infecting the…

Q: What is the function of the Matrix protein during rabies virus pathogenesis?

A: Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that is responsible for causing rabies disease in humans as well…

Q: During which step of the reproductive cycle can a virus remain latent?

A: Viruses can affect variety of hosts and use its cellular machinery to replicate and translate its…

Q: What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its…

A: We have to explain What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? And What is the function of the…

Q: What are the components of the yearly influenza vaccine?

A: Influenza vaccines are the vaccines that are produced to provide immunity against infections caused…

Q: What two different DNA viral infections can be identified with a Papsmear? Explain what…

A: Infection is defined as the state of invasion on the body tissues of an organism, which is caused by…

Q: What is the function of the major product of the unedited Ebola virus glycoprotein gene during…

A: The Ebola virus first emerged in 1976. Since then it has caused hemorrhagic fever in many countries.…

Q: The passage of pathogen from mother to fetus during pregnancy is an example of Transplacental portal…

A: Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria,…

Q: Why did Sabin create an oral vaccine?    - Oral vaccine are always more effective than injected…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: Explain the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

A: The human immunodeficiency(HIV) virus is a virus that attacks cells that facilitate the body fight…

Q: vacinnation stops and controls the spread of this contaigous diseas. and also how is this related to…

A: Measels is a highly contagious disease. For example, outbreak of measles with nearly 5,000 deaths…

Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?

A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.

Q: Is Ebola mutating

A: Ebola is a virus that causes a deadly disease known as Ebola Virus Disease that can cause severe…

Q: asap please

A: Shingles causes a painful rash that may appear as a stripe of blisters on the upper part of the…

Q: In the first stage of an HIV infection the number of CD4+ cells drop. Explain why.

A: Acute immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a long-term illness that affects the body's immune system,…

Q: Explain why a new influenza vaccine is preparedeach year and consists of several components.

A: Influenza is commonly denoted as flu virus that infects birds and mammals that affect the lower and…

Q: Can UV light kill Ebola

A: UV light – UV light is a form of energy that is measured with the help of a scientific scale called…

Q: Explain : Vpr counteracts LAPTM5 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages

A: Vpr means viral protein R and it is a HIV  gene and protein product. This gene is responsible for…

Q: What are the signs and symptoms of HIV in pedia/child? List atleast 5 and elaborate each one by…

A: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) is a sexually transmitted infection spread by contact with…

Q: Lucy does not have enough white blood cells for her immune system to fight infections. Was this…

A: In physiology, white blood cells are defined as the leukocytes or leucocytes cells of the immune…

Q: What is the function of the VPg protein of poliovirus,and how can coronaviruses replicate without a…

A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells. Once inside a…

Q: How do parvoviruses “trick” the host DNA polymerase into replicating their genomes? Why must this…

A: DNA's full form is deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the main constituent of the chromosome. It contains…

Q: Which viruses produce multinucleate giant cells, and what impactdoes cell fusion have on the spread…

A: Viruses are the obligate parasites that infect all life forms. They replicate inside the living…

Q: Define the following: (a) virion (b) capsid (c) nucleocapsid (d) protein spike

A: Viruses are the small infectious molecule, which exhibits genetic material having protein coat as a…

Q: Whereas _____ is the predominant immunoglobulin in intestinal fluid, _____ is the dominant…

A: Cell is a simple machine that houses all of the essential organelles required for life's sustenance.…

Q: Why do cold sores recur throughout the lifetime of an HSV-1 infected individual?

A: HSV-1 infection of the CNS can have lifelong effects such as permanent temporal lobe damage.After…

Q: How does the M2 protein of influenza viruses promote the uncoating of virus particles during the…

A: At the time of the entry of the influenza virus, uncoating of its ribonucleoprotein core is promoted…

Q: how does the molecular basis of antigenic variation used by the trypanosome parasite makes the…

A: Antigenic variation is a powerful survival strategy adapted by certain species of parasitic protozoa…

Q: What types of cells does the Human Immunodeficiency Virus infect and does that help our immune…

A: Introduction:- HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that affects the body's natural…

Q: What would happen if the polydnavirus mutated and no longer depressed the caterpillar’s immune…

A: Polydnavirus is a kind of insect virus belonging to the polynaviridae family. This virus can form a…

Q: if our immume systems are capable of attacking the trypanosome, why do you think we might see the…

A: Parasites are creatures that live in or on a host and rely on it for food, housing, and…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.