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A: Earth wire
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- The immediate cause of many deaths is ventricular fibrillation, an uncoordinated quivering of the heart, as opposed to proper beating. An electric shock to the chest can cause momentary paralysis of the heart muscle, after which the heart will sometimes start organized beating again. A defibrillator is a device that applies a strong electric shock to the chest over a time of a few milliseconds. The device contains a capacitor of a few microfarads, charged to several thousand volts. Electrodes called paddles, about 8 cm across and coated with conducting paste, are held against the chest on both sides of the heart. Their handles are insulated to prevent injury to the operator, who calls Clear! and pushes a button on one paddle to discharge the capacitor through the patient's chest Assume an energy of 3.00 102 W s is to be delivered from a 30.0-F capacitor. To what potential difference must it be charged?Why is it possible for a bird to sit on a high-voltage wire without being electrocuted?The circuit in Figure P27.35 has been connected for several seconds. Find the current (a) in the 4.00-V battery, (b) in the 3.00- resistor, (c) in the 8.00-V battery, and (d) in the 3.00-V battery. (e) Find the charge on the capacitor. Figure P27.35
- In places such as hospital operating rooms or factories for electronic circuit boards, electric sparks must be avoided. A prison standing on a grounded floor and touching nothing else can typically have a body capacitance of 150 pF, in parallel with a foot capacitance of 80.0 pF produced by the dielectric soles of his or her shoes. The person acquires static electric charge from interactions with Ills or her surroundings. The static charge flows to ground through the equivalent resistance of the two shoe soles in parallel with each other. A pair of rubber-soled street shoes can present an equivalent resistance of 5.00 103 M. A pair of shoes with special static-dissipative soles can have an equivalent resistance of 1.00 M. Consider the persons body and shoes as forming an RC circuit with the ground. (a) How long does it take the rubber-soled shoes to reduce a persons potential from 3.00 103 V to 100? (b) How long does it take the static-dissipative shoes to do the same thing?The circuit in Figure P18.55 has been connected for several seconds. Find the current (a) in the 4.00-V battery,(b) in the 3.00- resistor,(c)in the 8.00-V battery, and (d)in the 3.00-V battery.(e)Find the charge on the capacitor.You have been called in as an expert witness in a civil case. The case involves a dispute between neighbors. The plaintiff neighbor is complaining about a buzzing noise during the night that prevents the plaintiff from sleeping. He claims that the buzzing is coming from a light fixture on the defendants porch ceiling. The defendant likes to do installations and repairs himself and has done a sloppy job of installing the light fixture. The fixture hangs vertically from a single wire that is attached through the porch ceiling and down the wall to one connector in a nearby electrical outlet. The second wire is hung horizontally with strings at the level of the light and then runs down the wall to the other connector in the outlet. The defendant leaves the light on all night long for security. Recalling his high school physics, the plaintiff states that the combination of the 60-Hz household voltage and the magnetic field of the Earth results in an oscillating driving force on the single wire from which the light fixture hangs vertically. This, in turn, sets up a standing wave in the wire, and that is the cause of the buzz. You have been hired by the defense attorney. Upon hearing the details of the case, you obtain permission from the defendant and make measurements. The mass of the light fixture is 17.5 kg. The vertical wire from which it hangs is 0.150 m long and has a mass of 0.030 kg. Is the plaintiff correct that the magnetic field of the Earth is causing the buzzing of the wire? Ignore any effect of the second wire.
- Why is the following situation impossible? A battery has an emf of = 9.20 V and an internal resistance of r = 1.20 . A resistance R is connected across the battery and extracts from it a power of P = 21.2 W.A 120-V immersion heater consists of a coil of wire that is placed in a cup to boil the water. The heater can boil one cup of 20.00°C water in 180.00 seconds. You buy one to use in your dorm room, but you are worried that you will overload the circuit and nip the 15.00-A, 120-V circuit breaker, which supplies your dorm room. In your dorm room, you have four 100.00-W incandescent lamps and a 1500.00-W space heater, (a) What is the power rating of the immersion heater? (b) Will it trip the breaker when everything is turned on? (c) If it you replace the incandescent bulbs with 18.00-W LED, will the breaker nip when everything is turned on?Construct Your Own Problem Consider a person working in an environment where electric currents might pass through her body. Construct a problem in which you calculate the resistance of insulation needed to protect the person from harm. Among the things to be considered are the voltage to which the person might be exposed, likely body resistance (dry, wet, ...), and acceptable currents (safe but sensed, safe and unfelt, ...).
- The immediate cause of many deaths is ventricular fibrillation, an uncoordinated quivering of the heart, as opposed to proper beating. An electric shock to the chest can cause momentary paralysis of the heart muscle, after which the heart will sometimes start organized beating again. A defibrillator is a device that applies a strong electric shock to the chest over a time of a few milliseconds. The device contains a capacitor of a few microfarads, charged to several thousand volts. Electrodes called paddles, about 8 cm across and coated with conducting paste, are held against the chest on both sides of the heart. Their handles are insulated to prevent injury to the operator, who calls Clear! and pushes a button on one paddle to discharge the capacitor through the patient's chest Assume an energy of 3.00 102 W s is to be delivered from a 30.0-F capacitor. To what potential difference must it be charged?Electric current I enters a node with three resistors connected in parallel (Fig. CQ18.5). Which one of the following is correct? (a) I1 = I and I2 = I3 = 0. (b) I2 I1 and I2 I3. (c) V1 V2 V3 (d) I1 I2 I3 0. Figure CQ18.5The terminals of a battery are connected across two resistors in parallel. The resistances of the resistors are not the same. Which of the following statements is correct? Choose all that are correct. (a) The resistor with the larger resistance carries more current than the other resistor. (b) The resistor with the larger resistance carries less current than the other resistor. (c) The potential difference across each resistor is the same. (d) The potential difference across the larger resistor is greater than the potential difference across the smaller resistor. (e) The potential difference is greater across the resistor closer to the battery.