How do we know that DNA repair mechanisms detect and correct the majority of spontaneous and induced mutations?

Q: What type of repair system would cells most likely use to repair DNA with a deaminated adenine?

A: The spontaneous alteration of the DNA base pairs is needed to undergo the process of DNA repair.…

Q: What is nucleotide excision repair? What kind of DNA damage does it target for repair?

A: Answer: DNA is deoxynucleotide acid which is the genetic material in many of the organisms as genes…

Q: What are the two major mechanisms for the repair of double-strand breaks? How do they differ?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double stranded helix, which serves as the hereditary unit for…

Q: What is the purpose of DNA methylation? Why is it ineffective in the DNA repair of spontaneous…

A: DNA methylation is the process of adding methyl groups to DNA at Nucleotide bases, so that without…

Q: What are DNA excision-repair systems?

A: Molecular biology is the field of biology that studies the composition, structure, and interactions…

Q: Why is the repression of genes by DNA methylation long-term?

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: How is mismatch repair different from excision repair (in terms of what type of mutation it is used…

A: In order to prevent and fix damage from mutation, all the cells have a variety of mechanisms to…

Q: If a mutagen causes bases to be removed from nucleotides withinDNA, what repair system would fix…

A: DNA repair is the process in which certain specialized enzymes within the cell known as DNA repair…

Q: What are the essential differences between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair and…

A: Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides, which are the basic building blocks. Long chains of…

Q: What is the difference between the mutation rate and the mutation frequency?

A: The basic source of genetic diversity is mutation. Gene mutations involve alteration in the…

Q: Which components of NER are responsible forremoving the damaged DNA?

A: Nucleotide excision repair can be defined as the DNA repair mechanism. DNA damage occurs constantly…

Q: What role does DNA methylation play in mismatch repair?

A: DNA methylation is a biochemical process, in which a methyl group is added to the nucleotides of…

Q: What are insertion and deletion mutations? Why might they be harmful to a cell?

A: The mutation is the sudden deleterious effects in the DNA sequences, they can arise when the DNA is…

Q: How does DNA polymerase prevent mutations

A:

Q: How does e.coli and human cells distinguish between the old and new strands for mismatch repair?

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material in all living systems. DNA replication is a…

Q: How do these engineered nucleases effect a change in the genomic DNA sequence?

A: Genome editing is a technique used to precisely and efficiently modify DNA within a cell. It…

Q: What is meant by “error-prone” DNA repair?

A: DNA replication is a process in which two DNA molecules are synthesized from a single DNA molecule.…

Q: How is DNA methylation related to cancer?

A: The alteration to the structure of chromatin affects the gene expression, which is known as…

Q: Describe four types of point mutations: transitions, transversion, deletions, and additions?

A: Mutation is the sudden heritable changes that occur in the DNA sequences due to error while copying…

Q: Which of the following distinguishes direct repair from other repair mechanisms?

A: The answer is 'Direct repair reverses a structural abnormality without breaking the phosphodiester…

Q: How/or which the DNA repair mechanism fixes each mutation?

A: Excision is that the general mechanism by that repairs and are created once one in every of the…

Q: Are transposable elements mutagens?

A: Transposition is connected to replication, recombination and repair. The way that how they are…

Q: How DNA changes occur during spontaneous mutagenesis ?

A: Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. Mutations can happen as a result of DNA copying errors…

Q: What is the architecture of the DNA polymerases and the replisome?

A: Gene is the unit of heredity. Living organisms contain genetic materials mainly made up of nucleic…

Q: CRSPR uses what kind of DNA repair to insert new genetic information?

A: CRISPR is considered as the genome-editing tool, which helps to target and manipulate the genome…

Q: "The mechanism does not recruit a homologous region of DNA during repair". Explain this ?

A: Introduction DNA repair is a set of procedures that a cell uses to detect and repair damage to the…

Q: How do we know that many cancer-causing agents (carcinogens)are also mutagenic?

A: A large number of chemicals and several physical agents, such as UV light and γ-radiation, have been…

Q: Which repair pathway recognizes DNA damage duringtranscription? What happens if the damage is…

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: is the action of the ultraviolet radiation on DNA to induce mutation?

A: UV radiation is a kind of non-ionizing radiation released by the sun and other artificial means. One…

Q: If a bacterium possesses a mutation in the gene for DNA polymerase III, resulting in an enzyme…

A: In general, DNA replication is a very accurate process. Random mistakes occasionally occur and are…

Q: What is the difference in the requirement for a primer in RNA transcription compared to DNA…

A: DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one…

Q: Describe some mutation repair mechanisms.

A: Mutations are the change in the genetic sequence of the individual due to external factors. If these…

Q: How do type IA, type IB, and type II topoisomerases alter DNA topology?Which processes require the…

A: Enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of any chemical reaction without being used…

Q: How many codons are there in the mutated DNA-(b) and DNA-(c)? What types of mutations occurred in…

A: Codon is sequences of three DNA or RNA nucleotides.

Q: How can these designed nucleases modify the sequence of genomic DNA?

A: A nuclease is a protein that can break the phosphodiester links between nucleotides in nucleic…

Q: How do we know that DNA synthesis is discontinuous on one of the two template strands?

A: DNA replication refers to the process of making two identical copies of a DNA molecule. This…

Q: How do radiation and chemical mutagens cause DNA damage?

A: Mutagen It is the factor that cause irreversible and heritable change in the genetic material means…

Q: Define the mechanism of Nucleotide Excision Repair in eukaryotes ?

A: DNA repair is a set of activities that a cell uses to detect and repair damage to the DNA molecules…

Q: According to the double-strand break model, does gene conversionnecessarily involve DNA mismatch…

A: Gene Conversion means a modification or conversion of one or two alleles of a gene by the other,…

Q: How does a promoter dictate which DNA strand is used as the template?

A: The promoter region is referred to as the site where the process of transcription begins on the DNA…

Q: Do restriction enzymes always cut the DNA at the recognition sequence?

A: Restriction enzymes are a class of enzymes that cut DNA into fragments based upon recognizing a…

Q: How does proofreading differ from later DNA repair mechanisms in terms of timing and the proteins…

A: Proofreading done by DNA polymerase.DNA polymerase detect error at the time of replication and also…

Q: what are the techniques used to detect mutations that affect length of DNA?

A: Mutations are the main cause of diversity among organisms. Mutation is the process that changes the…

Q: DNA methylation in mismatch repair

A: REPAIR PATHWAYS:- Both in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, there is a repair enzyme system to deal with…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.