How many codons are there in the mutated DNA-(b) and DNA-(c)? What types of mutations occurred in DNA-(b) and DNA-(c)? What codons are found in the MRNA for the two mutated DNA?
Q: Why is it that pre-mRNAs are capped, but tRNAs and rRNAs are not?
A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule important in various biological roles such as…
Q: Which amino acid(s) have the most codons? Which amino acid(s) have the fewest codons? Can you think…
A: A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or…
Q: What is a codon and on what kind of nucleic acid is it found?
A: A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or…
Q: Why will a mistake in the RNA code alone not become a mutation?
A: A change in the genetic code is called a mutation when it becomes a permanent part of the genome of…
Q: Why might some cells in the body, such as those in bonemarrow, be more susceptible to ribosomal…
A: Mutation It is the sudden heritable changes happening in the genotype of the organism which is…
Q: Why is only one strand transcribed, and is the same strand of DNAalways transcribed?
A: DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) is the genetic material in all the prokaryotes are eukaryotes. DNA is…
Q: What is the difference between the genome and the proteome?
A: Nucleic acid is made up of sugar, phosphate and the nitrogenous base. There are two types of nucleic…
Q: Would a deletion of two base pairs have a greater consequence if it occurred in an intron rather…
A: Would a deletion of two base pairs have a greater consequence if it occurred in an intron rather…
Q: If a DNA sequence (exons and introns) and the regions upstream/downstream are normal -- but no mRNA…
A: During RNA splicing Introns are removed and Exons ligated together to give rise to a functional RNA…
Q: What is most closely associated with the cell organelle in the process represented in the diagram ?…
A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…
Q: How might a single base pair difference about 100 bases before the start codon of a gene cause a…
A: The first codon of the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) translated by the ribosome is called the…
Q: What would happen if any of the stages involved in the translation of DNA to protein were…
A: Translation is a process in which ribosomes synthesizes the proteins in Cytoplasm after the…
Q: Why is the term “proteome” ambiguous, whereas the term“genome” is not?
A: The proteins are the essential part of living organisms and it consists of thousands of smaller…
Q: Do missense mutations occur in genes encoding tRNA? Why orwhy not?
A: The sudden, stable, inheritable change in the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is known as the mutation.…
Q: After being irradiated, the gene coding for the E site is mutated, causing the E site to have a…
A: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, the information stored in the DNA is first…
Q: Given that out of the 64 codons of MRNA, 61 codify amino acids that form polypeptide chains, what…
A: As there are 20 amino acids and 64 possibilities of mRNA codons. There it is expected some amino…
Q: What is the minimum number of tRNA molecules that a cell must contain in order to translate all 61…
A: A transfer RNA is adaptor molecule composed of RNA having 76 to 90 nucleotides in length.
Q: . If tRNA is the adaptor for translation, what is theribosome?
A: Translation refers to the process of protein synthesis in the cells. The process of translation…
Q: Why is it advantageous to have a mechanism to override the effect of stop codons in protein…
A: In the central dogma, the Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is formed from the template of Deoxyribonucleic…
Q: how is The Genetic Code Is Almost,but Not Quite, Universal?
A: The genetic code is the set of rules used to translate information encoded within the messenger…
Q: Why do you think the DNA must be unzipped before it is transcribed into messenger RNA?
A: Gene expression is a complex biological mechanism that involves the production of mRNA and proteins…
Q: How do the stop codons UAA, UAG, and UGA know to form? What if a protein stops synthesizing too…
A: A codon is a trinucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid. The…
Q: What is translation? Explain the role of codons in this process.
A: Note: As Per Bartleby Guidelines only one question is answered. For further answers repost the…
Q: What would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevents σ from dissociating from the RNA…
A: After the initiation of the transcription, the RNA strand would elongate by the action of RNA…
Q: What is the result of Frameshift mutations from the insertion or deletion of nucleotides within the…
A: Mutation, an alteration in the genetic material of a cell of a living organism or of a virus that is…
Q: Why is post translational modification important and Where does protein modification occur?
A: The modifications that occur in the protein after it has been translated from the ribosomes are…
Q: What is a transcriptome, a genome and a proteome. How do they differ and why is the term proteome…
A: Definition: - A transcriptome is defined as the full range of mRNAs expressed by an organism. A…
Q: Which of the DNA strands is used in transcription?
A: Step 1 Transcription is the formation of RNA (ribonucleic acid) over the template DNA. It generates…
Q: Dystrophin is mutated in the disease, causing a codon to change from GGA to UGA. What is the…
A: Dystrophin is a protein that helps keep muscle cells intact.
Q: What is the "genetic code" and what aspect of post translational modification virtually mandates…
A: Genetic code is a set of rules followed by every living cell by which information stored in genetic…
Q: What is the mRNA sequence of this DNA and in which direction will mRNA polymerase travel?
A: Messenger RNA is also known as mRNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule, which is complementary to one…
Q: What would happen if an intron wasn't taken out before translation? And are there
A: DNA contains many sequences such as promoters, introns and exons. Some sequences in DNA are supposed…
Q: How would you make a copy of DNA from an mRNA transcript,what is this molecule called, and how would…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: Suppose that codons consisted of 4 nucleotides instead of 3 and that there were only 2 different…
A:
Q: What is the difference in the requirement for a primer in RNA transcription compared to DNA…
A: DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one…
Q: Translate this RNA sequence into an amino acid sequence: 5'-AUG GGC UAC CGA-3'?
A: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid whereas…
Q: If the mRNA produced had the sequence ACGCGU, What would be the tRNA anticodon sequence?
A: mRNA is a messenger RNA that is synthesized from the DNA by the process called transcription. The…
Q: If the template strand of DNA carries the code: GGT-AAT-ACT, then what is the corresponding mRNA…
A: The central dogma of life involves three major steps that include: DNA replication: This is the…
Q: How many amino acids will the mRNA sequence "AUG GAC CUG UCG UGA" produce?
A: Each codon in mRNA is made up of three nucleotides, and each codon indicates a certain amino acid…
Q: why is it important that unprocessed mrna never leaves the nucleus?
A: Transcription is the process by which genetic information present in a DNA sequence is copied into…
Q: A mutant strain of bacteria is isolated in which the amino acid glutamine is often erroneously…
A: Answer of the question given below...
Q: How do histones differ from the DNA-binding proteins described in the preceding section?
A: The genome contains DNA which is packaged into chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell with the help…
Q: Which translation protein mimics RNA structures and why?
A: Gene expression is defined as the process of conversion of information stored in the DNA to the…
Q: What characteristic of the genetic code explains why a substitution mutation in a codon contained…
A: Codons are sets of three nucleotides responsible for the detection by tRNA for the type of amino…
Q: What amino acid is coded by the original sequence (GTA) if the sequence refers to the template…
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a molecule that holds the information that allows an organism to…
Q: Do the initiation and termination codons specify amino acids? If so, which ones?
A: Initiation codon (AUG) specifies amino acid methionine.
Q: What are DNA-binding domains ?
A: Domains are a part of a protein that are its functional or structural units. They contribute to the…
Q: Why do you expect that intron removal wouldreduce the delay?
A: Introns are defined as the DNA or RNA sequence that does not carry any information required for…
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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- 1. (a) What will be the mRNA produced from the given template? DNA Template 3 - ATTGCGGATGCCCGTATACG -5 DNA Template 3 - ATTGCGGATGCCCGTATACG -5 3 - AUUGCGGAUGCCCGUAUACG -5 5 - AUUGCGGAUGCCCGUAUACG -3 5 - AUUGCGGAUGCCCGUAUACG -3 3 - UAACGCCUACGGGCAUAUGC -5 (b) What will be the anticodons that will arrive in the translation of mRNA below? mRNA 5 - AAUAUGCGGAUGCCCGAA -3 "AAU, AUG, CGG, AUG, CCC, GAA" "UAC, GCC, UAC, GGG, CAA" "AUG, CGG, AUG, CCC, GAA" "UUA, UAC, GCC, UAC, GGG, CAA"1. (a) What will be the newly synthesized DNA from the template given? DNA Template 3 - CGGATGCCCGTATAC -5 3 - GCCTACGGGCATATG -5 5 - GCCTACGGGCATAAG -3 5 - GCCTACGGGCATATG -3 3 - CGGATGCCCGTATAC -5 (b) Which is the DNA template given if the mRNA is 5 - CGGAUGCCCGUAUACGUA -3 ? 3 - GCCTACGGGCATATGGTA -5 5 - GCCTACGGGCATAAGGAT -3 5 - GCCTACGGGCATATGCAT -3 3 - CGGATGCCCGTATACCTA -5A DNA probe with sequence TCAGGCTTCAG would bind most strongly to which of the following DNA fragments? a. AGTCCGAAGTC c. GACTTCGGACT b. TCAGGCTTCAG d. UGAGGCUUGAG
- 5’ TAAGCGTAACCCGCTAA CGTATGCGAAC GGGTCCTATTAACGCAC 3’ 3’ ATTCGCATTGGGCGATT GCATACGCTTG CCCAGGATAATTGCGTG 5’ Imagine that the double-stranded DNA molecule shown above was broken at the sites indicated by spaces in the sequence and that before the breaks were repaired the DNA fragment between the breaks was reversed. What would be the base sequence of the repaired molecule? Show the sequence, label the 5’ and 3’ ends and briefly explain the reasoning supporting your answerTranscribe an mRNA sequence from this TEMPLATE STRAND of DNA 3' CGTACGTGTATCCCATCC 5' 5' GCAUGCACAUAGGGUAGG 3' 5' GCAUGCACAUAGGGUAGG 3' 3' CGUACGUGUAUCCCAUCC 5' 5' GCATGCACATAGGGTAGG 3' 3' CGTACGUGTATCCCATCC 5'1. what will be the mRNA complimentary strand of a DNA sequence AATCGGCTGGGATTA? a. UUAGCCGACCCUAAU b. AAUCGGCUGGGAUUA c. TTAGCCGACCCTAAT d. UUTCGGCTGGGUTTU 2. what will be the amino acid sequence of DNA with a sequence AATCGGCTGGGATTA? a. leucine - alanine - aspartic acid - serine - aspagarine b. leucine - threonine - aspartic acid - serine - aspagarine c. leucine - alanine - aspartic acid - proline - aspagarine d. tyrosine - alanine - aspartic acid - proline - aspartic acid 3. what type of points mutation happened if the mutated DNA sequence is TTA-CAG-CAG-GGT-GGC? a. addition b. deletion c. insertion d. subtitution 4. if the first nitrogenous base "T" will be replaced by "G" ; what will be the resulting amino acid for the first codon? a. isoleucine b. leucine c. tyrosine d. trytophan 5. what type of point mutation happened if the mutated DNA sequence is TTS-CGC-AGG-GTG-GC? a. addition b. deletion c. insertion d. substitution
- Which of the following pairs of sequences might be found at the ends of an insertion sequence? a. 5′–GGGCCAATT–3′ and 5′–CCCGGTTAA–3′ b. 5′–AAACCCTTT–3′ and 5′–AAAGGGTTT–3′ c. 5′–TTTCGAC–3′ and 5′–CAGCTTT–3′ d. 5′–ACGTACG–3′ and 5′–CGTACGT–3′ e. 5′–GCCCCAT–3′ and 5′–GCCCAT–3′1. a) If one DNA segment has the following base composition, 5'-CAGTTAGTCA-3', which of the following sequences is complementary? op 1: 3'-CAGTTAGTCA-5' op 2: 3'-TGACTAACTG-5' op 3: 5'-TGACTAACTG-3' op 4: 3'-TGACTAACTG-5' b) What is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand that is complementary to 5'-ATCGCAACTGTCACTA-3' op 1: 5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGATA-3' op 2: 5'-TAGTGACAGTTGCGAT-3' op 3: 5'-ATCACTGTCAACGCTA-3' op 4: 5'-UAGUGACAGUUGCGAU-3'Write down the double stranding sequence of the resulting DNA fragment(s) if the following DNA molecule were digested with XhoI: 5'-GGTATCCGCGGAGCTCAAATA-3' 3'-CCATAGGCGCCTCGAGTTTAT-5'
- Below is a sample of a segment of DNA…(copy from left to right) 3’ TACAATGGGCGACGCGCTTCGTTTCAGATT 5’ 5’ ATGTTACCCGCTGCGCGAAGCAAAGTCTAA 3’ 1.Assume the 6th amino acid is changed from T to G on the DNA template strand. What type of mutation is this? What effect would this have on the protein? Look up an example for this type of mutation. 2, Assume the 5th and 6th amino acids are removed from the DNA template strand. What type of mutation is this? How would this affect the protein? Look up an example of this type of mutation. 3.Which mutation changes the protein more...a point mutation or a frameshift mutation. Explain your reasoning. 4.What would be the problem if ATT was inserted into the DNA template strand after the second codon? (Be sure to consult the coding chart for amino acids). 5. What if the second amino acid was repeated over 5Ox. What amino acid is repeated? What type of mutation is this? If this is on chromosome 4, what genetic disorder is this?…Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part ofa much longer molecule constituting a chromosome:5′.…ATTCGTACGATCGACTGACTGACAGTC….3′3′.…TAAGCATGCTAGCTGACTGACTGTCAG….5′If the DNA polymerase starts replicating this segmentfrom the right,a. which will be the template for the leading strand?b. Draw the molecule when the DNA polymerase ishalfway along this segment.c. Draw the two complete daughter molecules.d. Is your diagram in part b compatible with bidirectional replication from a single origin, the usual modeof replication?Please asap Original DNA template: 3'-ACGGTCAATTTGCTG-5 a) Transcribe the sequence. b) Translate the sequence. c) What type of mutation is present in the strand 3 '- ACGGTCAATATTGCTG - 5 d) Provide the entire mutated sequence of amino acids. e) Explain the effect that this mutation will have.