How does the degree of K mobility affect contractionary fiscal policy’s ability to affect Y under a flexible exchange-rate regime? Discuss and explain using three graphs: perfect K mobility (aka perfect asset substitutability or the Mundell-Fleming model), perfect K immobility, and relative K mobility. In each case discuss how the components of IS have changed.
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How does the degree of K mobility affect contractionary fiscal policy’s ability to affect Y under a flexible exchange-rate regime? Discuss and explain using three graphs: perfect K mobility (aka perfect asset substitutability or the Mundell-Fleming model), perfect K immobility, and relative K mobility. In each case discuss how the components of IS have changed.
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- Use an open-economy ISLM framework to graph and explain the overall effect of expansionary fiscal policy on y and r in an economy characterized by a relatively interest-sensitive money demand function. Also consider the impact of this policy on the distribution of output among spending sectors.Suppose the government undertook a fiscal policy by increasing government expenditure by 20 percent. Clearly demonstrate how this would result in the crowding out phenomena.c. Suppose the instead of fiscal policy, the government, through its monetary authority undertook an expansionary monetary policy by increasing nominal money supply by 20 percent. Clearly demonstrate how this would result in the crowding in phenomena.1. Explain and show graphically how monetary and fiscal policies can be used in the IS-LM framework. Within a closed economy IS-LM model, analyse the effects on income, the interest rate, consumption, and investment of the following: a) A fall in the government budget deficit. Explain how your answer is affected by whether the reduced deficit comes about through a fall in government purchases or a rise in tax revenue. b) A fall in the money supply. 2. Suppose the Government wishes to reduce the budget deficit by reducing public spending while holding taxes constant. Assuming that the monetary authorities hold the money supply constant, explain why the decrease in government spending affects output more in the IS model than in the IS-LM model. Please note: To help explain your answers and analysis, you should always attempt to use diagrams, mathematical demonstration where applicable and convey the economic intuitions behind the results. Do not forget to label your graphs.
- Identify and explain the lags which must be taken into account to ensure optimality in interest rate decision making for an economy. State algebraically and explain each of the components of the 3-equation model for macroeconomic policy. State and explain 4 limits to fiscal policy in a developing country economy If low and stable inflation is beneficial, why does the Central Bank target a positive rate?Expansionary policies are designed to stimulate the economy byincreasing aggregate output. Explain why expansionary fiscalpolicy and expansionary monetary policy have opposite effectson the interest rate despite having the same goal of increasingaggregate output. Illustrate your answer with graphs of themoney market.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using expansionary monetary policy or expansionary fiscal policy to restore the economy to full employment in the context of a recession's output gap, versus allowing the economy to adjust itself? a.Quicker process; increase in the price level b.No inflationary pressure; increases the government deficit c.No increase in government deficit, slower process d.No inflationary pressure; slower process
- Both expansionary monetary policy and expansionary fiscal policy increase income in the IS-LM nodel”------ justify the statement. In which case role of private investor is bigger?Assume that the government is implementing an expansionary fiscal policy and as a result has increased borrowing. At the same time, the central bank is carrying out a contractionary monetary policy. As a result, we can expect: Interest rates would rise substantially and private investments would be significantly reduced. Interest rates would not change substantially as the 2 policies counterbalance each other, and private investments would not be significantly reduced. Interest rates and private investments would rise. Interest rates and private investments would fall.please explain each question 1. What effect a selling bond will have on the money market? Explain using bond prices. 2. Assume that fiscal policy can be accomplished by changing only one of G and T. In the IS-LM framework, suppose the effect on the general equilibrium output is the same between expansionary fiscal policy and expansionary monetary policy. Which one would you expect to have a greater impact on the equilibrium consumption? Explain in words. Hint: Monetary policy affects also affects Y in the IS-LM framework!
- Fiscal and Monetary Stimulus A. Create a graph of equilibrium in the IS-LM model. Show the effect of an expansionary monetary policy. Summarize your results. B. If the central bank’s goal is to maximize output, what interest rate will we expect in equilibrium? C. Starting from the equilibrium described in (B), suppose investors experience a decrease in “animal spirits.” What happens to output? Can the central bank offset this with expansionary monetary policy? D. What could fiscal authorities do to offset the shock to animal spirits described in (C)?Using the IS-LM model, analyze the effectiveness of expansionary monetary policy and expansion fiscal policy, why and which policy is more effective under the following conditions: 1) Investment flexibility. high interest rate 2) Demand for holding money responds to changes in interest rates, draws a graph and explainsIn the New Keynesian sticky price open economy model with a flexible exchange rate: a. Explain why fiscal policy is an ineffective stabilization tool. b. Suppose that there is a reduction in current total factor productivity. What should the central bank do in response?