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- Effect of Paternal Grandmother's Food Supply on Infant Mortality Widely available historical data on periods of famine show that before the industrial revolution, a failed harvest in one autumn often led to severe food shortages the following winter. Retrospective studies have correlated infant mortality with the abundance or food during a grandparent's child hood. FIGURE 10.11 shows results from one or these studies. FIGURE 10.11 Relative risk of early death of female child, correlated with the age at which her paternal grandmother experienced a winter with a food supply, that was scarce (blue) or abundant (red) during childhood. The dotted line represents no difference in risk of mortality. A value above the line means increased risk; one below the line indicates reduced risk. Compare the mortality risk of girls whose paternal grandmothers ate well at age 2 with girls whose grandmothers experienced famine at the same age. Which girl was more likely to die early? How much more likely was she to die?Effect of Paternal Grandmother's Food Supply on Infant Mortality Widely available historical data on periods of famine show that before the industrial revolution, a failed harvest in one autumn often led to severe food shortages the following winter. Retrospective studies have correlated infant mortality with the abundance or food during a grandparent's child hood. FIGURE 10.11 shows results from one or these studies. FIGURE 10.11 Relative risk of early death of female child, correlated with the age at which her paternal grandmother experienced a winter with a food supply, that was scarce (blue) or abundant (red) during childhood. The dotted line represents no difference in risk of mortality. A value above the line means increased risk; one below the line indicates reduced risk. There was no correlation between early death of a male child and eating habits of his paternal grandmother, but there was a strong correlation with the eating habits of his paternal grandfather. What does this tell you about the location of epigenetic changes that gave rise to these data?Among the most prevalent pathologies that afflicthuman beings is heart disease, which can have a severeimpact on quality of life and can even result in prematuredeath. While heart disease mostly afflicts those who areolder, 1% or 2% of people in their 30s, and even in their20s, suffer from this disease. Genetic and environmentalcomponents of this disease exist. What strategy mightyou use to choose families to participate in a GWAS ofheart disease–causing genes? Explain your reasoning.
- Which of these is not a property of all living organisms?a. organizationb. acquisition of materials and energyc. care for their offspringd. reproductione. responding to the environmentHi asap plz which one is close to definition of "Comparative anatomy?" Ple lmk the reson why u chose n summary the sentence D: psychology of sex, Sexual Inversion was a hybrid text, poised in method- ology between the earlier field of comparative anatomy, with its proce- dures of bodily measurement, and the nascent techniques of psychology, with its focus on mental development. E: Significantly, starting with Cuvier, this tradition of comparative anatomy located the boundaries ofrace through the sexual and reproductive anatomy of the African female body, ignoring alto? gether the problematic absence of male bodies from their study. F: analytic models of sexuality, sexologists relied less and less upon the methodologies of comparative anatomy and implicitly acknowledged that physical characteristics were inadequate evidence for the "truth" of the body in question. Yet the assumptions of comparative anatomy did not completely disappear; although they seemed to contradict more psy?…Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Cooernicus, Galileo Galilel, Sir Isaac Newton, and Rene Descartes? a). The acceptance of traditional was streangthenedb). The scientific method was usedto solve problemsc). Funding to education as increased by the English govermentd). Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed
- Which of the following is not an adaptive feature of an opportunistic life history pattern?a. many offspringb. little or no care of offspringc. long life spand. small individualse. individuals that mature quicklyIt is the year 1998, and the men and women sailors (inequal numbers) on the American ship the MedischolBounty have mutinied in the South Pacific and settledon the island of Bali Hai, where they have come intocontact with the local Polynesian population. Of the400 sailors that come ashore on the island, 324 haveMM blood type, 4 have the NN blood type, and 72 havethe MN blood type. Already on the island are 600Polynesians between the ages of 19 and 23. In thePolynesian population, the allele frequency of the Mallele is 0.06, and the allele frequency of the N allele is 0.94. No other people come to the island over thenext 10 years.a. What is the allele frequency of the N allele in thesailor population that mutinied?b. It is the year 2008, and 1000 children have beenborn on the island of Bali Hai. If the mixed population of 1000 young people on the island in 1998mated randomly and the different blood groupphenotypes had no effect on viability, how manyof the 1000 children would you expect…Sustainable Use of Horseshoe Crabs Horseshoe crab blood clots immediately upon exposure to bacterial toxins, so it can be used to test injectable drugs for the presence of dangerous bacteria. To keep horseshoe crab populations stable, blood is extracted from captured animals, which are then returned to the wild. Concerns about the survival of animals after bleeding led researchers to do an experiment. They compared survival of animals captured and maintained in a tank with that of animals captured, bled, and kept in a similar tank. FIGURE 24.28 shows the results. FIGURE 24.28 Mortality of young male horseshoe crabs kept in tanks during the 2 weeks after their capture. Half the animals were bled on the day of their capture. Control animals were handled, but not bled. This procedure was repeated 8 times with different sets of horseshoe crabs. In which trial did the most control crabs die? In which did the most bled crabs die?
- Testing Biological Control Biological control agents are used to battle red imported fire ants. Researchers have enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, a natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers. Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.16 shows the results. FIGURE 45.16 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows the numbers of red imported fire ants over a 28-month period. Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone. Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (parasitoid flies and a microsporidian parasite). How did population size in the control plots change during the first four months of the study?NIGHTINGALE FLORENCE THEORY 1. On what assumptions does the theory build? ( This question addresses the basic truth that underlie theoretic reasong. It question s whether assumtpions reflect philosophical values or fractual assertions)Alice Ball’s was contributions to science have always been acknowledged