How is vertical transmission and horizontal transmission related to endosymbiotic events?

Q: How does intercellular invasion and colonization differ from intracellular invasion and…

A: Intracellular invading parasites use various methods to invade cells and to subvert cellular…

Q: What prevents other bacteria from colonizing the dead insectand competing with the nematode and…

A: E.coli is a gram-negative bacteria that is a facultative anaerobe (microbes that can even survive in…

Q: Are the bacteria that cause Lyme disease likely to develop antibiotic resistance? Why or why not

A: Antibiotic resistance refers to the phenomenon in which certain bacteria and fungi develop…

Q: Describe how penetration occurs in T-4 phages.

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages infect the host through two means-…

Q: What is the well-documented mechanism resistance of candida and how can the genes confer resistance…

A: Candida is a pathogenic genus of yeasts as it is known to cause the most common types of fungal…

Q: What are living and nonliving reservoirs?

A: Reservior can be living or non living . Living reservoir = It is of two type - Human reservoir and…

Q: Which genetic events have allowed Acinetobacter to become so resistant?

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…

Q: How are disease bacteria transmitted?

A: Step 1 Infective disease agents are a wide range of organisms – bacteria, viruses, protozoans,…

Q: What is parasitism and its types?

A: Symbiosis : Symbiosis in an interaction between non identical biological species. This interaction…

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages to bacteriophages of the lytic and lysogenic rep

A: Bacteriophages : A type is a type of virus that infects bacteria . There are two types of…

Q: Which of the following is a way in which plasmids may be introduced into host organisms?

A: Plasmids or transposons are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously…

Q: What are some of the ways we can prevent or slow down the spread of helminthic diseases?

A: Helminthic disease also known as worm infection, is a macroparasitic disease that affects both…

Q: Describe how to recognize the presence of mutant, antiobiotic resistant bacteria. Where do they come…

A: Tests to recognize the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Small wafers containing…

Q: What is the relationship between the superantigens of S. aureus and the organism’s production of…

A: Staphylococcus aureus is a round-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium. It causes a range of illnesses. It…

Q: What are the mainprophylactic measures againsthookworm disease?

A: Hookworms are parasitic organisms thet cause infection in the small intestine called helminthiases.…

Q: Does EBV have a parasitic relationship with its host since it infects the host?

A: Parasitism is a type of interspecific relationship in which one, the parasite, is benefitted while…

Q: Why are diseases with long incubation periods more likely to result in an epidemic?

A: Incubation period is the time gap between exposure to a pathogen and onset of symptoms of a diseases…

Q: What are two primary requirements of a parasite from host?

A: A type of biological interaction in which one animal/organism kills the other and eat is more…

Q: What Are Living And Nonliving Reservoirs?

A: All pathogens must have a method of transmission from one host to another in order to survive;…

Q: Distinguish between intermediate hosts and definitive hosts.

A: A host is an organism which gives space for a parasite to live in its body or on its outer surface.…

Q: What is superbugs and how does it occur? What are specific ways to avoid antibiotic resistance?

A: What is superbugs and how does it occur? A superbugs are strains of any type of microorganism, (…

Q: How would you distinguish a host vs a dead end host?

A: A host is an organism that provides shelter for another organism. For example, a virus or parasite…

Q: What part of the host cell is degraded after phage nucleic acid has entered a host cell?

A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…

Q: To what extent are common host-cell biological pathways and molecules hijacked by diverse microbes?

A: Several pathogenic microbes enter the host cell and modulate its cellular machinery for personal…

Q: Can you name one well-known antibiotic produced by an actinomycete and the organism that produces…

A: Antibiotics are the antimicrobial agents produced by the microorganisms that kill or inhibit the…

Q: What are the host-related and virulence -related factors associated with Neisseria meninigitidis ?…

A:

Q: In which growth phase is the organism most sensitive to the antibiotic?

A: Microorganisms produced in closed culture (also known as batch mode) exhibit a repeatable…

Q: How is homeostasis disrupted in a COVID infection?

A: Answer: HOMEOSTASIS = This is the normal and steady state of body who can maintain the internal,…

Q: How does Escherichia coli try to protect itself from phage attack,and how does T4 protect itself…

A: The lytic cycle of the virus replication starts from the attachment of the virus on the surface of…

Q: How is the plasticity of flatworms a key to their successful role as pathogens? Can this be…

A: The flatworms are known to exhibit huge diversity in their reproductive biology and which makes them…

Q: associated microorganism benefit from its plant host?

A: Associated microorganisms are those which are attached or somehow associated with the plant host.

Q: What are opines and whom do they benefit?

A: All plants come under the kingdom Plantae. They are eukaryotes, multicellular, and having cell…

Q: What is parasitism?

A: Symbiosis or symbiotic relationship is a close relationship between the two species in which at…

Q: antibiotics designed to stop narrowly defined categories of infectious microbes be used to discover…

A: Organisms belonging to different species exhibit various forms of interactions between them. Such…

Q: What is bacterial promiscuity and how does it contribute to the general problem of antibiotic…

A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…

Q: In protozoan parasites, what are the main molecular pathways of medication resistance? Talk about it…

A: Answer of the question given below...

Q: Why are vector-borne diseases particularly likely to be affected by climate change

A: Vector-borne diseases are those diseases that are caused by a vector. These vectors can carry…

Q: Explain the relationship between genome size and growth requirements of mycoplasmas. Why is genome…

A: Microorganisms are abundant in nature and are microscopic organisms that cannot be seen through the…

Q: What occurs in the cell that frees HipA toxin?

A: A cell is the basic structural and functional key of life. A cell has multiple organelles that carry…

Q: What is the parasite thatcauses giardiasis? How is ittransmitted and what are thetypical…

A: Protozoa is a eukaryotic, single-celled, free-living or parasitic microorganism which is not visible…

Q: What is host specialization? What is host race evolution? Why are they both important?

A: Host organism is an organism which gives shelter to the organism that could be a parasite or an…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.