What part of the host cell is degraded after phage nucleic acid has entered a host cell?

Q: Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the…

A: Bacteriophages frequently transition between the lytic and lysogenic states. The two gene regulatory…

Q: Phages that destroy host cell DNA, direct synthesis of phageparticles, and cause lysis of the host…

A: Virus is a non-living pathogenic agent which depends on its host for survival. It is  composed of…

Q: Which type of phages can perform   generalized transduction?

A: Zinder and Lederberg in 1952 discovered Transduction in S.typhimurum. The phage which mediated DNA…

Q: Compare and contrast the lysogenic and lytic cycles of phage λ.

A: Phage lambda is a bacteriophage which infects E.coli bacteria. Bacteriophages are the viruses that…

Q: What is a cytocidal infection? What is a cytopathic effect?

A: SOME BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INFECTIOUS AGENTS It is pathogens or the microorganisms which are…

Q: Which of the following is a way in which plasmids may be introduced into host organisms?

A: Plasmids or transposons are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously…

Q: What are vector borne diseases?

A: A disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. A disease that…

Q: What is required to package the T4 genome into its phage head?

A: Introduction  T4 is a type bacteriophage which infects the E coli bacteria (Escherichia coli). It is…

Q: How are bacteria-free phage particles obtained?

A: In the Transduction mechanism, the gene transfer from one bacteria to another occurs through a…

Q: What conditions are necessary to cultivate viruses in the laboratory?

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: Which of the following statements describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (A) phage? After…

A: In this lambda phage, the virus infects the bacteria, this virus can perform two types of life…

Q: Can phage kill virus?

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: What type of adaptation are the Shigella bacteria exhibiting?

A: Shigella are gram-negative, nonmotile, pathogenic bacteria that resembles E.coli and it has…

Q: Phage M13 has often been used for Sel

A: Phage M13 has often been used for Phage display Phage display is a technique where the phage genome…

Q: Why are pathogenicity islands important?

A: The invasion of pathogenic microbes into the host body tissue is referred to as the infection.…

Q: Why are viruses considered “obligate intracellular parasites”?  What does it mean to be “obligate”?

A: Introduction :- Intracellular parasites are microscopic parasites that can grow and reproduce inside…

Q: What is the most chemically resistant non-spore-forming bacterial pathogen?

A: Although specific disinfectants and sterilization techniques are developed against the microbes, a…

Q: Is protein or DNA the genetic material of phage T2?

A: Phages are the viruses that infect bacteria. They do so by injecting their genetic material in…

Q: Why are single-stranded binding (SSB) proteins required?

A: SSBs are nucleoproteins that can be found in bacteria, bacteria, and animals. When opposed to…

Q: Is a prion always pathogenic

A:

Q: E. coli

A: Bacterial Strain LE392 is used for both genomic and cDNA cloning. LE392 lacks the E. coli K…

Q: Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase.How do T4 genes get expressed or converted to…

A: Bacteriophage T4  is a double stranded DNA genome that infects E.Coli bacteria. It is capable to…

Q: How does attachment contribute to virus–host specificity?

A: Viruses are intracellular, obligate parasites that contain either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or…

Q: Describe the four steps in a lytic phage infection.

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: Describe the infective process of a bacteriophage as it attacks a cell.

A: The virus that infects bacteria is known as Bacteriophage. These bacteriophages infects host cell in…

Q: Compare the effect on the host cell of a lytic (virulent)phage and a lysogenic (temperate) phage.

A: Virus are obligate parasites. Viruses either contains DNA or RNA as genetic material and a protein…

Q: What is the link between food, Listeria monocytogenes and phages?

A: Pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites that can cause disease are called disease…

Q: What steps in the viral maturation process are inhibited bynucleoside analogs? By protease…

A: A virus is a microscopic organism that is pathogenic to humans and animals, mainly. The genetic…

Q: Define Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA transfer?

A: The transfer of genetic material to a plant cell can be done in two methods includes, viral-vector…

Q: How is foreign DNA inserted into host cells?

A: Several techniques of recombinant DNA technology include the insertion of a foreign DNA into a host…

Q: a) Lytic cycle b) Latent cycle c) Oncogenic cycle

A: Viral reproduction: Viral replication or reproduction does not occur by their own. It depends on…

Q: Describe the two main ways by which viral nucleic acid is introduced into the host cells

A: Viral infection causes stimulation of various specific and nonspecific types of immunity in the…

Q: What is transformation of host cells?

A: Bacterial gene transfer can be achieved by various means such as transformation, conjugation and…

Q: What advantages might a phage gain by being capable of lysogeny?

A: Lysogeny is a process of viral reproduction. It results in the combination of the DNA of the…

Q: How do parvoviruses “trick” the host DNA polymerase into replicating their genomes? Why must this…

A: DNA's full form is deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the main constituent of the chromosome. It contains…

Q: What type of infection is caused by a temperate phage?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious particle that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: What is the difference between a temperate phage versus a virulentphage?

A:

Q: How does Escherichia coli try to protect itself from phage attack,and how does T4 protect itself…

A: The lytic cycle of the virus replication starts from the attachment of the virus on the surface of…

Q: What substance contains the information used to produce the new phage particles DNA or protein?

A: Viruses that assault microscopic organisms were seen by Twort and d'Herelle in 1915 and 1917. They…

Q: Why does phage T4 need a lysozyme-like protein in order toinfect its host, and what part of T4…

A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that infect and replicate within the bacterial host. They are of two…

Q: What is the difference between a persistent and a latent viralinfection?

A: The viral infection starts with the lysis of the host cell membrane to release the new virus…

Q: explain The lytic cycle of phage multiplication

A: The lytic cycle of phage multiplication includes the production of viral progeny in the bacterial…

Q: What occurs in the cell that frees HipA toxin?

A: A cell is the basic structural and functional key of life. A cell has multiple organelles that carry…

Q: How is a spindle-shaped double-stranded DNA archaealvirus infecting Acidianus capable of surviving…

A: Viruses package their genetic material in various ways. Most known techniques include encapsulation…

Q: Classify each statement as true of generalized transduction or specialized transduction. Generalized…

A: Introduction Transduction Is A Method Of Transferring Genetic Information From One Bacteria To…

Q: How does a prokaryotic cell become immunized against aspecific virus?

A: The prokaryotic cells are one of the defined types of cell parts from the eukaryotic cell. The forme…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.