How to prepare isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate (bp 170°C) using basic glassware. state (i) the reactants, any other reagents and reaction conditions for your preparation, (ii) the glassware required to conduct the reaction and (iii) a stepwise procedure for your reaction and purification of the compound clearly indicating quantities of reactants and any other reagents used
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- 8. Liquid-liquid extraction. A progressive (thought) exercise. a) Benzoic acid, C 6 H 5 CO 2 H, is insoluble in water (< 1 w/w %). A suspension of solid benzoic acid in water is treated with enough 1.0 M NaOH (aq) to react with the acid. What balanced acid-base reaction takes place? b) Judging by the products in this reaction, do you expect the benzoic acid to dissolve in the resulting aqueous phase? yes, or no, and why. c) Now, make a biphasic mixture of diethyl ether and water (see #7, above). Use a separatory funnel, as in the illustration above. Which substance is the upper layer? ______________ d) Add solid benzoic acid to these layered solvents, and mix thoroughly. Does the benzoic acid dissolve, and if so, where should it be found? ____________________ e) Then, make the pH of the aqueous phase alkaline (basic) with NaOH until the pH = 11.00. Again, mix thoroughly. Where should the benzoic acid be found now? ____________________ f) Separate the two phases carefully, placing…Asteltoxin, isolated from cultures of Aspergillus stellatus, exhibits a potent inhibitor on E. coli BF1 ATPase activity. During S. L. Schreiber's synthesis of asteltoxin, substance 1 was treated with a strong base to form anion 2. necessary representations. b) Determine whether each of the following bases would be suitable for deprotonation of substance 1 and explain your decision in each case: (i) NaOH, (ii) NaNH2, or (iii) CH3CO2Na.1. Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity towards NaI in acetone: I. Methyl bromide II. Isopropyl bromide III. Ethyl bromide IV. t-butyl bromide 2. Rank the following compounds in order of increasing basicity: I. p-nitroaniline III. N-methylaniline II. p-aminobenzaldehyde IV. p-methylaniline 3. Order the following acids with respect to increasing acidity: I. Fluoroacetic acid III. Chloroacetic acid II. 3-chloropropanoic acid IV. Propanoic acid 4. Arrange the ff. in their decreasing order (easiest first) of relative ease in the acid-catalyzed esterification of ethyl alcohol: I. (CH3)2CHCOOH II. CH3CH2COOH III. (CH3)3COOH
- 1.1) What is the importance and uses of pure cobalt(II) sulphate? 1.2) Name the synthesis methods of cobalt(II) sulphate (CoSO4.7H2O). 1.3) Name the purification methods of cobalt(II) sulphate (CoSO4.7H2O).2.1) Propose synthesis methods for cobalt(II) sulphate (CoSO4.7H2O). 2.2) Propose purification methods for cobalt(II) sulphate (CoSO4.7H2O).The pKa of protonated acetone is about -7.5, and the pKa of protonated hydroxylamine is 6.0. a. In a reaction with hydroxylamine at pH 4.5, a.what fraction of acetone is present in its acidic, protonated form? b. In a reaction with hydroxylamine at pH 1.5, what fraction of acetone is present in its acidic, protonated form? c. In a reaction with acetone at pH 1.5, what fraction of hydroxylamine is present in its reactive basic form?A chemist was charged with the task of making amino alcohol 2. This chemist decided to attempt a Grignard reaction between two equivalents of phenylmagnesium bromide and amino ester 1. To this end, two equivalents of the Grignard reagent were added to a flask containing a stirred THF solution of ester 1 at -78 °C. Upon acidic aqueous work-up of the reaction mixture, the desired alcohol 2 was not isolated, even though one equivalent of methanol was produced and all the starting materials were consumed. Instead, two products with the molecular formulae of C6H6 and C7H13NO were obtained in a 2:1 ratio, respectively. Identify the structures of these two products and describe, mechanistically, how they were formed.
- Excess carboxylic acid (if any) was removed from the reaction mixture by the addition ofNa2CO3 solution (a basic solution). What side reaction might occur if you made the solutionstrongly basic with aqueous sodium hydroxide? Write this reaction. (Hint: What happens to theester in the presence of NaOH?)The 1H NMR spectra for two esters with molecular formula C8H8O2 are shown next. Which of the esters is hydrolyzed more rapidly in an aqueoussolution with a pH of 10?(a) Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their indicated property :(i) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)(ii) CH3CH2CH (Br) COOH, CH3CH (Br) CH2COOH,(CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3CH2CH2COOH (acid strength)(b) How would you bring about the following conversions :(i) Propanone to Propene (ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde(iii) Bromobenzene to 1-phenylethanol
- Given the chemical equation in the synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and potassium permanganate: C7H8(I) + 2KMnO4(aq) → KC7H5O2 + 2MnO2 (s) + KOH (aq) + H2O (I) KC2H5O2 (aq) + HCl (aq) → C7H8O2 (s) + KCl (aq) MW: C7H8 = 92.14 KMnO4 = 158.03 MnO2 = 86.94 KC7H5O2 = 160.21 C7H8O2 = 122 Density: C7H8 = 0.87 g/mL KMnO4 = 2.7 g/mL KC7H5O2 = 1.5 g/mL C7H8O2 = 1.27 g/mL If 1 mL of toluene and 4 mL of 50% w/v potassium permanganate solution are used to synthesize the benzoic acid in a reflux set-up, calculate the theoretical yield of benzoic acid. Show your complete solution and underline your final answer.To synthesize trans-cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde (PhCHO) and acetic anhydride (Ac2O) under basic, refluxing conditions to exemplify the Perkin condensation. 1. Draw the complete chemical reaction to be carried out. 2. Provide a complete arrow-pushing mechanism for the synthesis of trans-cinnamic acid. 3. Briefly describe the role of water, Na2CO3, and HCl in the isolation of the product. Draw the structure of the product at basic pH (after Na2CO3 addition) and at acidic pH (after HCl addition).Base from the illustration: 1. Which compound/s will test positive in Baeyer’s test? 2. Which compound/s will produce an orange precipitate upon reaction with 2,4-DNPH? 3. Which compound/s will test positive in the Iodoform test? 4. Which compound/s will produce a brick-red precipitate upon reaction with Fehling’s reagent (CuSO4, tartrate, NaOH)? 5.