In humans, as well as with many other animals, sex is determined by special sex chromosomes. An individualcontaining two X chromosomes is a female, while an individual possessing an X and Y chromosome is a male. hesex chromosomes bear alleles for traits. Sex linkage applies to genes that are located on the sex chromosomes.These genes are considered sex-linked because their expression and inheritance patterns differ between males andfemales. The genes present on the X chromosome are said to be X linked. Many more genes are present on the Xchromosome than found on the Y chromosome. Nonetheless, those genes found on the Y chromosome are said to beY linked. The Y chromosome is smaller than its homologue, the X chromosome. Consequently, most of the locipresent on the X chromosome are absent on the Y chromosome.1. In humans, hemophilia is a sex linked trait. Females can be normal, carriers, or have the disease. Males will havethe disease or not (but they won't be ever carriers)XH XH = female, normalXH Xh = female, carrier%3DXh Xh = female, hemophilicXH Y = male, normal%3DXh Y = male, hemophilic%3Da) Show the cross of a man who has hemophilia with a woman who is a carrier. 2. A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia has children with a normal man. Show the cross.Carrier(xux)a) What is the probability that their children will have hemophilia?b) What sex will a child in the family with hemophilia be?3. A woman who has hemophilia marries a normal man. How many of their children will have hemophilia andwhat is their sex?hromocomo but it is absent

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hY = male, hemophilic %3D a) Show the cross of a man who has hemophilia with a woman who is a carrier.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter4: Pedigree Analysis In Human Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17QP: Analysis of X-Linked Dominant and Recessive Traits A young boy is color-blind. His one brother and...

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The gene for the production of eye colour in this species of fruit fly can be expressed aseither normal red-eyes or as brown-eyes. The allele for the normal red eyes is dominant tothat of brown, and is transmitted in normal Mendelian fashion.A gene involved with body colour in this species of fruit fly is located on the non-homologousportion of the X chromosome, and has two alleles, grey and yellow, where the grey allele isdominant to yellow.The two genes are NOT linked.a) Produce a key to clearly show the nature of the alleles associated with the eye colour inthis species of Drosophila, and in each case justify your choice of letters and / or style ofpresentation to best depict the genetics involved.
A sex-influenced trait in humans affects the length of the index finger. A short allele is dominant in males and recessive in females.Heterozygous males have an index finger that is significantly shorterthan the ring finger. The gene affecting index finger length is locatedon an autosome. A woman with short index fingers has childrenwith a man who has normal index fingers. They produce five children in the following order: female, male, male, female, male. Theoldest female offspring has one daughter with a man who has normal fingers. The youngest male among the five children has childrenwith a woman with short index fingers; they have two sons. Drawthe pedigree for this family. Indicate the phenotypes of every individual (filled symbols for individuals with short index fingers andopen symbols for individuals with normal index fingers)
The most common form of colorblindness is a recessive, sex-linked hereditary con dition caused by a defect on the X chromosome. Females are XX, while males are XY. Individuals inherit one chromosome from each parent, with equal probability; for example, an individual has a 50% chance of inheriting their father's X chromosome, and a 50% chance of inheriting their father's Y chromosome. If a male has an X chromosome with the defect, he is colorblind. However, a female with only one defective X chromo some will not be colorblind. Thus, colorblindness is more common in males than females; 7% of males are colorblind but only 0.5% of females are colorblind. (a) Assume that the X chromosome with the wild-type allele is X+ and the one with the disease allele is X. What is the expected frequency of each possible female genotype: X+X+, X+X¯, and X-X-? What is the expected frequency of each possible male genotype: X+ Y and X-Y? (b) Suppose that two parents are not colorblind. What is the…
In individuals affected by cystic fibrosis, salt crystals may appear afterperspiration dries up. In addition, the disease causes respiratory disorderswhich can be both debilitating and lethal. It occurs in individuals homozygousfor recessive gene. If 2 normal parents had a daughter with the symptoms ofthis disease, and a normal son, what is the probability that he might be acarrier of the recessive gene?Express answer in fraction form.
Mutations in DNA that result in altered proteins can causehereditary diseases. Pedigree studies and genetic testing mayclarify the risk of disease. At the chromosome level, nondisjunctionduring meiosis can result in gametes with too few or too manychromosomes, most of which produce inviable offspring.Imprinting refers to inactivation of alleles depending on whichparent the alleles come from; offspring in whom imprinting occursappear haploid for the affected gene even though they are diploid. During spermatogenesis, is there any difference in outcome between first- and second-division nondisjunction?
Classical hemophilia is a sex-linked disease caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosome. (Hemophilia refers to diseases that cause delays in blood clotting.) If a woman who is acarrierof classical hemophilia has children with a normal male, give the ratios of the possible offspring with respect to classical hemophilia. Be sure to state both the genotypes and the phenotypes of each offspring. For genotypes, use X for a normal X chromosome, Xh for an X chromosome with the hemophilia gene, and Y for a normal Y chromosome. For phenotypes, if the offspring is female, be sure to state if homozygous normal, a carrier, or has the disease. If the offspring is a male, be sure to state if normal or has the disease.
Huntington’s disease, is an incurable neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affectsmuscle coordination and some cognitive functions, typically becoming noticeable inmiddle age. It results from an autosomal dominant gene (H) and there are no carriers ofthe disease. Two parents with Huntington’s disease have an affected child. What is theprobability that their next child will be an unaffected girl if they are not double-dominant?
In people the gene, which causes one form of color-blindness or Daltonism, is located in the X-chromosome. The affected condition is caused by a recessive gene, healthy condition is dominant. A girl who has emmetropia (normal eyesight), whose father had color-blindness, marries a normal man, whose father also suffers from color-blindness. What kind of sight is expected in the children from this marriage?
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In humans color vision is X-linked, the gene for color vision is located on the X chromosome but is absent on the Y chromosome. Normal color vision (XN) is dominant over colorblindness (Xn). Suppose a colorblind man fathers the children of a woman with genotype XNXN. What is the genotype of the father? What proportion of daughters will be colorblind? What proportion of the sons will be colorblind?
Suppose a maternal effect gene exists as a functional dominantallele and a nonfunctional recessive allele that causes a disorder.A mother with the disorder produces offspring that are all withoutthe disorder. Explain the genotype of the mother.
Table shows that Turner syndrome occurs when an individualinherits one X chromosome but lacks a second sex chromosome.Can Turner syndrome be due to nondisjunction duringoogenesis, spermatogenesis, or both? If a phenotypically normalcouple has a color-blind child (due to a recessive X-linkedallele) with Turner syndrome, did nondisjunction occur duringoogenesis or spermatogenesis in this child’s parents? Explainyour answer.