Identify the functional group found in the following molecules. (alkane, haloalkane, cycloalkane, alkene, cycloalkene, alkyne, or an aromatic compound HH H-C-C-C-C-H HH BrH CH3 CH3 HạC CH CH CH CH H3CCH2 CH2 CH CH CH3 CH ČH3 H3C CH3 H H C H. 3 H. C=C H. H H H. H H- C CC-H H H -C-H H. H. H. H. H. C=C H. 2.

Identify the functional group found in the following molecules. (alkane, haloalkane, cycloalkane, alkene, cycloalkene, alkyne, or an aromatic compound HH H-C-C-C-C-H HH BrH CH3 CH3 HạC CH CH CH CH H3CCH2 CH2 CH CH CH3 CH ČH3 H3C CH3 H H C H. 3 H. C=C H. H H H. H H- C CC-H H H -C-H H. H. H. H. H. C=C H. 2.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285853918

Author:H. Stephen Stoker

Publisher:H. Stephen Stoker

Chapter12: Saturated Hydrocarbons

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12.141EP

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. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid, complete reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the carbon atoms of the double or triple bond.
. With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo reactions, whereby a new atom rep laces one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane.
Instead of using the ending “ol,” an OH can be treated like a substituent or halogen using the term“hydroxyl.” For example, hexane-2,4-diol can be called 2,4-dihydroxyhexane. Write anequivalent name for 1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol using the term “hydroxyl.”
Classify each of the following hydrocarbons as alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes. (a) C12H24 (b) C7H12 (c) C13H28
Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the following false statements regarding nomenclature of hydrocarbons. a. The root name for a hydrocarbon is based on the shortest continuous chain of carbon atoms. b. The suffix used to name all hydrocarbons is -ane. c. Substituent groups are numbered so as to give the largest numbers possible. d. No number is required to indicate the positions of double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes. e. Substituent groups get the lowest number possible in alkenes and alkynes. f. The ortho- term in aromatic hydrocarbons indicates the presence of two substituent groups bonded to carbon- 1 and carbon-3 in benzene.
Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.