Identify the mechanism used by phagocytes to inducepathogen killing.

Q: How are the activities of natural killer cells and phagocytes similar and diff erent?

A: The organ system of the body serves the function of eliminating the foreign pathogen from the body…

Q: What are the mechanisms used by B cells to generate antibody diversity?

A: Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced in response to an antigenic stimulation. They mai either…

Q: Contrast the way that macrophages typically kill pathogenswith the method used by natural killer…

A: Introduction: Macrophages are a special type of cells present in the blood which gets activated in…

Q: List the sequence of events in an inflammatory response and describe each step.

A: Inflammatory responses can be defined as a complex sequence of events induced by tissue damage by…

Q: List two different types of phagocytes. How do Tcells and B cells differ in their functions? From…

A: The immune system plays an important role in preventing and combating the diseases caused by…

Q: List specific reasons why the inflammatoryresponse is considered a body defense mechanism.

A: Red blood cells also claimed as erythrocytes, white blood cells also dignified as leukocytes, and…

Q: How do NK cells recognize which cells to attack in ADCC?

A: Natural killer cells, or NK cells, are lymphocytes that belong to the innate lymphoid cell family.…

Q: In addition to cells infected by microbes, what other types of target cells are attacked by…

A: Lymphocytes are the types of WBC (white blood cells) that are located in the immune system of the…

Q: Draw a figure illustrating the sequence of events in a typical inflammatory response to a bacterial…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Which type of T-cell activates a macrophage to greater killing power in the presence of an…

A: A T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland (hence the name) and plays a…

Q: List the subclasses of T-helper cells and state the type(s) of the pathogen(s) targeted by each?

A: T lymphocytes or T-cells are the vital players of the adaptive immune response. They are derived…

Q: Describe some ways in which cytotoxic T cells destroytarget cells.

A: Answer- There are many different types of the T- lymphocytes. One of them is Cytotoxic T cells. They…

Q: Draw a diagram illustrating the main steps in the inflammatory response.

A: The immune system is made up of innate (inherent) and adaptive (develops after birth) responses.…

Q: Describe the role of non-specific macrophages in preventing infection

A: The immune system of the body protects the organisms from the harmful pathogen. Pathogens are the…

Q: Explain the function of phagocytes and natural killer cells.

A: Step 1 Innate immunity is a natural genotype-based system of defence elements with which an…

Q: Explain why the B cells response is described as “humoral”, but the T cell’s response is described…

A: Both B cells and T cells are lymphocytes that are gotten from explicit sorts of foundational…

Q: How are the activities of natural killer cells and phagocytes similar and different?

A: Natural killer cells are lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential against virus-infected and certain…

Q: Describe the role of complement in innate immunity

A: Any abnormal condition that hinders normal body functioning is considered a disease. Pathogen attack…

Q: Describe in general terms the activation of the host complement system and its three outcomes

A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…

Q: Explain Direct Enhancement of Phagocytosis?

A: Introduction : Phagocytosis is that the process of engulfment of particles by phagocytic cells, like…

Q: Complement activation: (a) stimulates inflammation. (b) attracts phagocytes.(c) enhances…

A: The complement system is a collection of more than 20 proteins found in the blood and tissue fluids…

Q: How does a phagocyte “know” it is in contact with a pathogen instead of another body cell?

A: Phagocytes are particularly the eating cells which circulate throughout the body and looks for…

Q: Describe the mechanisms by which circulating phagocytic cellsare recruited to a site of infection.

A: Phagocytosis is a process by which the cell engulfs the antigen by using its plasma membrane.

Q: Describe Two Features of phagocytes that are essential in their response to microbial invasion.

A: Introduction Innate immunity is a natural genotype-based system of defense elements with which an…

Q: Describe the potential problems that would arise if a personhad an acquired inability to phagocytose…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of the organism to resist against infections or diseases by…

Q: An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor?

A:

Q: Phagocytes bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) via: complement O antimicrobial…

A: Introduction :- Immune system consists of immune cells , their Secretion , to fight the foreign…

Q: Identify the process shown in Diagram 2 . What is the function of the T cell in this process?

A: B cells mediates antigen-specific immunoglobulin production to fight against  pathogens.

Q: Compare and contrast the most common infections in individuals with defects in cell-mediated immune…

A: Introduction :- Antibody molecules released by plasma cells serve as the mediators of the humoral…

Q: phagocytic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns using their:  Group of answer…

A: Pattern recognition receptors(PRR) These are class of transmembrane toll like receptors(TLRs) found…

Q: Describe the antiviral functions of type I interferon.

A: Type I interferons are a subgroup of interferon proteins which aids in regulating the activities of…

Q: Match the term with its description. interferon response apoptosis extravasation respiratory burst…

A: Immunity is the term used to describe the body's built-in defenses against illnesses and infections.…

Q: What is the only known effect of deficiencies in complement components C5–C9? Explain this effect.

A: Introduction: The innate humoral immune system relies heavily on the complement system. The…

Q: Briefly describe the inflammatory response process.

A: Inflammatory is a process in which white blood cells of the body and the substance produced by them…

Q: Describe a typical inflammatory response

A: Inflammation is a common immune response. Immune response refers to every mechanism of the body…

Q: List the series of reactions involved in inflammatory response

A: The inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body that helps the body to fight against the things…

Q: Explain how the process of apoptosis is induced and carried out in each of the following instances:…

A: In multicellular organisms, cells that are no longer needed or are a threat to the organism are…

Q: Connect the mononuclear phagocyte system to innate immunity.

A: Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system,…

Q: List the general categories of cytokines.

A: Cytokines are tiny proteins that regulate the development and function of other immune system and…

Q: Define cytotoxic T cell

A: Two types of lymphocytes are known. These are B cells and T cells. These are involved in adaptive…

Q: Define phagocyte

A: Cells are the primary and elemental part of living beings just like atoms for matters. The…

Q: Describe the basic steps in acute inflammation.

A: Introduction Damage to body tissues results in inflammation, which can be brought on by a variety of…

Q: What are the functions of Cytotoxic T cell markers?

A: T lymphocytes are the important cells in the cell-mediated immune response. There are different…

Q: What is the purpose of T-cell secretion of cytokines?

A: Lymphocytes are immune cells present in the blood. There are two types of lymphocytes; B cells/ B…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.