Identify the study design best suited for the article: Antibacterial effects of Psidium guajava against Klebsiella pneumoniae omong the elderly
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- Calcium and Blood Pressure Does increasing the amount of calcium in our diet reduce blood pressure? Examination of a large sample of people revealed a relationship between calcium intake and blood pressure. Such observational studies do not establish causation. Researchers therefore designed a randomized comparative experiment. The subjects were 21 healthy men who volunteered to take part in the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two groups: 10 of the men received a calcium supplement for 12 weeks, while the control group of 11 men received a placebo pill that looked identical. The experiment was double-blind. The response variable is the decrease in systolic (top number) blood pressure for a subject after 12 weeks, in millimeters of mercury. An increase appears as a negative number. Do the data provide convincing evidence that a calcium supplement reduces blood pressure more than a placebo, on average, for subjects like the ones in this study? Group 1 (calcium) Group (placebo)…Question 3 > A comparison between species: Biologists wish to compare the prevalence of a genetic mutation across two species of Neema Toads. In a sample of 7 Neema Toads of Species I, 1.4% had the mutation while in a sample of 14 Neema Toads of Species II, 1.9% showed the mutation. Is there significant evidence to suggest a difference in the prevalence of the mutation across the two species? Conduct a hypothesis test at a significance level of a = 0.01. a) The hypotheses for this test are: O Ho: Pi - Pil = 0 Ha: Pi-Pil ≈ 0 O Ho: Pl - Pll = 0 Ha: Pi - Pll 0 O Ho: Pll = 0.014 H₂: P = 0.014 What is the test statistic for this test? test statistic = (Report answer accurate to 2 decimal places.) What is the p-value for this test? p-value = (Report answer accurate to 4 decimal places.) The decision reached is O Fail to reject Ho O Reject Ho and accept Ha As such, the final conclusion is that O The prevalence of the mutation is the same for both species. O There is not significant evidence…The effects of heat stresses on the heat shield of the Crew Dragon spacecraft during re-entry was performed using complex computer programs that mimic actual flight using data gathered during the Apollo space program. What kind of study is this? -experimental -census -simulation -observational
- The table below refers to a case control study on the association between sulfones and streptomycin drugs in the treatment of leprosy. Subjects were sampled based on their clinical change to treatment and then asked whether they had a high or low degree of infiltration. The degree of infiltration measures a type of skin damage. We will use clinical change response scores {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3}. The question of interest is whether degree of infiltration is associated with clinical change. (a) Compute the sample proportions of having a high degree of infiltration for each clinical change group? What type of variable is Clinical Change? (B)Conduct a Cochran-Armitage trend test at the 5% significance level to determine whether there is an association between degree of infiltration and clinical change. (C)Now, ignore the fact that clinical change is an ordinal variable. Conduct a chi-squared test for association between degree of infiltration and clinical change at the 5% significance…Blood cocaine concentration (mg/L) was determinedboth for a sample of individuals who had died fromcocaine-induced excited delirium (ED) and for a sampleof those who had died from a cocaine overdose withoutexcited delirium; survival time for people in bothgroups was at most 6 hours. The accompanying datawas read from a comparative boxplot in the article“Fatal Excited Delirium Following Cocaine Use” (J.of Forensic Sciences, 1997: 25–31). ED 0 0 0 0 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .3 .3.3 .4 .5 .7 .8 1.0 1.5 2.7 2.83.5 4.0 8.9 9.2 11.7 21.0Non-ED 0 0 0 0 0 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2.3 .3 .3 .4 .5 .5 .6 .8 .9 1.01.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.0 3.2 3.5 4.14.3 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.9 6.0 6.4 7.98.3 8.7 9.1 9.6 9.9 11.0 11.512.2 12.7 14.0 16.6 17.8 a. Determine the medians, fourths, and fourth spreadsfor the two samples.b. Are there any outliers in either sample? Any extremeoutliers?c. Construct a comparative boxplot, and use it as abasis for comparing and contrasting the ED andnon-ED samples.What is the recommendation for this investigation?
- Based on the results, determine an appropriate conclusion of the study. Is there a significant difference?The authors of the paper "Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods of Clinical Measurement"† compared two different instruments for measuring a person's ability to breathe out air. (This measurement is helpful in diagnosing various lung disorders.) The two instruments considered were a Wright peak flow meter and a mini-Wright peak flow meter. Seventeen people participated in the study, and for each person air flow was measured once using the Wright meter and once using the mini-Wright meter. Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter 1 512 494 10 445 433 2 430 395 11 432 417 3 520 516 12 626 656 4 428 434 13 260 267 5 500 476 14 477 478 6 600 557 15 259 178 7 364 413 16 350 423 8 380 442 17 451 427 9 658 650 (a) Suppose that the Wright meter is considered to provide a better measure of air flow, but the mini-Wright meter is easier to transport and to use. If the two types of meters produce different…The authors of the paper "Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods of Clinical Measurement"† compared two different instruments for measuring a person's ability to breathe out air. (This measurement is helpful in diagnosing various lung disorders.) The two instruments considered were a Wright peak flow meter and a mini-Wright peak flow meter. Seventeen people participated in the study, and for each person air flow was measured once using the Wright meter and once using the mini-Wright meter. Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter 1 512 494 10 445 433 2 430 395 11 432 417 3 520 516 12 626 656 4 428 434 13 260 267 5 500 476 14 477 478 6 600 557 15 259 178 7 364 413 16 350 423 8 380 442 17 451 427 9 658 650 (a) Suppose that the Wright meter is considered to provide a better measure of air flow, but the mini-Wright meter is easier to transport and to use. If the two types of meters produce…