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- Identify and explainthe three factorsaffecting the riskstructure of interestratesSuppose that many big corporations decide not to issuebonds, since it is now too costly to comply with newfinancial market regulations. Can you describe theexpected effect on interest rates?As and example of a possible investment restriction, an insurer mah only be allowed to invest up to 20 percent of its assets in common stock. What penalty is imposed upon the insurer that invests 30 percent of available assets in common stock?A. The additional 10 percent must be disposed of by year endB. The state regulators would impose a 10 percent fine on the insurer.C. The additional 10 percent would be a nonadmitted asset.D. The additional 10 percent would only be listed at cost.
- Which of the following investment strategies involves generating a higher expected rate of return through increasing risk? Answer a. Leverage b. Value at risk c. Diversifying d. Hedging riskWhy may different analysts arrive at different intrinsicvalues for the same stock?The demand curve and supply curve for one-year discountbonds with a face value of $1,000 are represented by thefollowing equations:Bd: Price = -0.8 * Quantity + 1100Bs: Price = Quantity + 680a. What is the expected equilibrium price and quantityof bonds in this market?b. Given your answer to part (a), what is the expectedinterest rate in this market
- QUESTION ONE (1) Assume that an officer of ZED Bank wants to execute a transaction with the following characteristics using the risk-adjusted return on capital (RAROC) model: ▪ Probability of default (PD) = 45 basis points ▪ Loss given default (LGD) = 50% ▪ Exposure at default (EAD) = US$ 2.0 million ▪ The risk-free rate of return is 6% This is a loan to an agricultural company and the bank’s economic capital (EC) model delivers the following charge for the firm:EC of exposure = 5% of EAD, which is US$ 100,000. Assume that the bank has set a RAROC hurdle rate of 15% and this transaction has a net profit of US$ 12,000 before other adjustments. Required: Compute the bank’s risk-adjusted rate of return on the loan to an agricultural company? Now assume that the bank could also have made a loan for the same amount and net profit of US$ 12,000 before other adjustments to a chemical manufacturing firm, and that the EC = 2.5% in this case. Which loan between the two should the bank…When the economy is expected to enter into a recession, a BB rated bond would A be impossible to sell B show a higher yield than when the economy was stronge C likely default very soon D be converted to a zero-coupon bondSuppose that instead Einar short sells 200 shares of German Power Weak Inc. at $40 each. NASDUCK now sets a margin requirement of 30%.(e) How much cash does Einar need to invest?(f) Calculate the margin call of NASDUCK if the price increases to $44.(g) Suppose the price falls to $25. How much cash can Einar take out from his margin account?(h) Suppose he takes out 50% of the amount in part (g). At what price threshold will Einar face a margin call by NASDUCK?
- Define the term Risk-Free-Interest Rate?Consider an investor based in the FC that invests in the DC. To hedge the FX risk the FC investor could (select all that are true): A. Engage in a swap for DC at the investment's open date to FC at the invesment's close date B. Engage in a forward DC to FC with an unnknown counter party and no escrow (margin) C. Write a call option FC to DC at today's spot FX rate D. Write a put option FC to DC at today's spot FX E. Exercise a futures contract DC to FC at the date of the investment return trip F. Purchase a futrues contract FC to DC for the return trip Detailed Explanation Please, Thank you!Imprudential, Inc., has an unfunded pension liability of $414 million that must be paid in 19 years. To assess the value of the firm’s stock, financial analysts want to discount this liability back to the present. If the relevant discount rate is 7.9 percent, what is the present value of this liability?
