d only 4. Consider the following argument:If the white flag is flying, then truce has been declared.Truce has not been declared.Therefore, the white flag is not flying.(a) Define statement variables for each component of the above argument, then write the formal argument using yourvariables.(b) Is the above argument valid? Explain.(c) Find the contrapositive of the statement, "If the white flag is flying, then truce has been declared."(d) If the statement "If the white flag is flying, then truce has been declared" is replaced with its contrapositive, willthe above argument be valid? Why or why not?

Answered: If the statement "If the white flag is…

Advanced Engineering Mathematics

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ISBN:9780470458365

Author:Erwin Kreyszig

Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig

Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes

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d only

4. Consider the following argument:
If the white flag is flying, then truce has been declared.
Truce has not been declared.
Therefore, the white flag is not flying.
(a) Define statement variables for each component of the above argument, then write the formal argument using your
variables.
(b) Is the above argument valid? Explain.
(c) Find the contrapositive of the statement, "If the white flag is flying, then truce has been declared."
(d) If the statement "If the white flag is flying, then truce has been declared" is replaced with its contrapositive, will
the above argument be valid? Why or why not?

Expert Solution

Step 1

(d) We are asked to find the contrapositive statement of "If the white flag is flying, then the truce has been declared."

When we are given a "if-then" statement, there are two parts in the sentence, a hypothesis in the "if" statement and a conclusion or a clause in the "then" statement.

The hypothesis of the contrapositive statement will be the negation of its original conclusion/clause and the conclusion/clause of the contrapositive statement will be the negation of its original hypothesis.

Hence, the contrapositive statement of the given statement is,

"If the truce has not been declared, then the white flag is not flying."

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