If you graph the amount of product formed as a function of time during a chemical reaction, you see that the rate of product formation is high at the beginning but slowly declines and levels off to zero at the end. What causes the gradual decrease in reaction rate over the course of a reaction?
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- Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. Chemical energy is the energy within chemical bonds. Energy is required for bonds to break while energy is released when bonds form. b. Exergonic chemical reactions release more energy than they absorb and the catabolism of the food in an energy bar serves as an example. c. The many forms of energy used up by cells comes from the breakdown of the chemical energy from the food we digest.How does the average reaction rate differ from an instantaneous reaction rate? © A. The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time. B. The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time. C. The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time considering the reactants. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time considering the products. D. The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds compared to another reaction.Which of the following statements are correct about how enzymes accelerate chemical reactions (select all that apply)? A. Enzymes bind substrates to raise their effective concentration B. Enzymes enhance the rate of a chemical reaction C. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by destabilizing transition states D. Side chains of protein provide reactive groups that facilitate reaction E. Enzymes shift the equilibrium of a chemical reaction to favor product formation
- What statements concerning free energy change are true or false? a. Free energy change is a measure of the rate of a reaction. b. Free energy change is a measure of the maximum amount of work available from a reaction. c. Free energy change is a constant for a reaction under any conditions. d. Free energy is related to the equilibrium constant for a specific reaction. e. Free energy change is equal to zero at equilibriumThe following equation, which represents the oxidative breakdown of glucose by body cells, is a reversible reaction. Glucose + oxygen S carbon dioxide + water + ATP (a) How can you indicate that the reaction is reversible? (b) Howcan you indicate that the reaction is in chemical equilibrium? (c) Define chemical equilibrium.Use the following graph to diagram the energetics of a chemical reaction, with and without an enzyme. Be sure to position reactants and products at appropriate points and to indicate the stages in the reaction and the energy levels.
- Enzymes are key components in biological reactions. Which of the following statements about enzyme function in biological systems is FALSE? Enzymes are key components in biological reactions. Which of the following statements about enzyme function in biological systems is FALSE? Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction, but do not change the free energy of a reaction. Enzymes frequently work in metabolic pathways, such that the activity of one enzyme can affect the activity of a second enzyme in the pathway by altering the concentration of a substrate or product of the second enzyme. Enzymes will alter the equilibrium of a reaction such that the enzyme increases the exergonic reaction relative to the endergonic reaction. Even if the enzyme forms a bond with a substrate during a reaction, the enzyme returns to its original form at the end of the reaction.which of the following are true regarding chemical equilibrium (choose all that are true) a. chemical equilibrium only occurs if the ΔH is very large and negative b. the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the back reaction c. there is an equal amount of products and reactants d. the ΔH and Ea are relatively smallWhich statements concerning free energy change are true?a. Free energy change is a measure of the rate of a reaction.b. Free energy change is a measure of the maximum amountof work available from a reaction.c. Free energy change is a constant for a reaction under anyconditions.d. Free energy change is related to the equilibrium constantfor a specific reaction.e. Free energy change is equal to zero at equilibrium.
- Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? A. Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction. B. Enzymes cjange the direction of chemical reaction. C. Enzymes prevent changes in substrate concentrations. D. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction. E. Enzymes are permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze.A chemical reaction has a △G of -14 kcal/mol. Adding an enzyme has been shown to increase the reaction 10-fold. What would be the △G of the reaction when that enzyme is added? A) -1.4 kcal/mol B) -14 kcal/mol C) +14 kcal/mol D) -140 kcal/molWhat is the most common form of kinetic energy that is released from chemical energy in chemical reactions? A) Sound B) Electromagnetic radiation C) Electricity D) Light E) Thermal