IH A cryptography student has accidentally used the same keystream to encrypt two different messages, M1 and M2. We know that theciphertexts are C¡ = 0x2e38ac20ƒe51b68c and C2 = 0x638cd0bla9114b4d. We also happen to know that M1 = 0x2b1d510e6a67ae98.a) What is M2 in hexadecimal? Please give your answer a leading Ox and use lowercase letters only.b) What is the keystream? Please give your answer a leading Ox and use lowercase letters only.

a) Given that same keystream is used to encrypt different messages, so we can recover the message…

Answered: IH A cryptography student has…

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Encrypt the message " MATH " by translating the letters into numbersand then applying the encryption function given, and then translating the numbers back into letters.(a) f(p)=(17p+5) mod 26 _____ (b) f(p)=(15p+14) mod 26 ___ (c) f(p)=(19p+5) mod 26 ___Use A=0,B=1,C=2,D=3,E=4,F=5,G=6,H=7,I=8, J=9,K=10,L=11,M=12,N=13,O=14,P=15,Q=16,R=17, S=18,T=19,U=20,V=21,W=22,X=23,Y=24,Z=25
The following is a message encrypted using affine cipher and you know the multiplicative key is 7 and the additive key is 3. Decrypt the message and show all your work. RFS DEY DCL CFA XXV HDE YFO REV WVO VEX VHD EYF ORE VAD BQO BOW EYD WVF ORF XVK XLP YBO BEL QDB XEV WDH BOW EYF OTF ORA DBQ OFO ROB ELQ BAA NQD XLA EX
A shortcoming of using an elliptic curve E(Fp) for cryptography is the fact that it takes two coordinates to specify a point in E(Fp). However, as discussed briefly at the end of Sect. 6.4.2, the second coordinate actually conveys very little additional information.(b) Alice and Bob decide to use the prime p = 1123 and the elliptic curveE : Y2 = X3 + 54X + 87.Bob sends Alice the x-coordinate x = 278 and the bit β = 0. What point is Bob trying to convey to Alice? What about if instead Bob had sent β = 1?
The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. We conduct a known-plaintext attack against an LFSR. Through trial and error we have determined that the number of states is m=4m=4.The plaintext given by 01001011=x0x1x2x3x4x5x6x701001011=x0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7 when encrypted by the LFSR produced the ciphertext 11010110=y0y1y2y3y3y5y6y711010110=y0y1y2y3y3y5y6y7. What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 0101 to represent p3=0,p2=1,p1=0,p0=1p3=0,p2=1,p1=0,p0=1).
Suppose your RSA public key is PK: {n, e} = {13861, 37}. Your friend sends you a ciphertext C = 9908. But unfortunately you have forgotten your private key, now you have to crack it yourself.a) Write down a possible condition of factors p and q.p= q=b) What is your private key SK: {d}?d=c) What is the plaintext of your friend’s message?The plaintext M =d) Suppose the plaintext M is a 12-digit number consisting of a prefix “19” and 1234567890. What is the corresponding ciphertext? Since M is greater than n, you only need to encrypt four digits at a time. Ignore redundant zeros. e.g., 0001 = 1. The result should contain three integers.The ciphertext C0 =
The following is a message encrypted using multiplicative cipher but you do not know the key. Decrypt the message and show all your work. VNY LYQ EHH VNY TSD DYL YRO YSR VNY KWL HTJ YVK YYR NEF SRI QWM YVN SRI VWQ EUE RTN EFS RIV WQE UQW MYV NSR I
Alice wants to securely send Bob an arbitrary numberM from the set {0, 1, . . . , N − 1} for some positive integer N. She wants to have ascheme with perfect secrecy. She heard of the One Time Pad (OTP), but OTP isfor bitstrings, not numbers. She decides to use the following scheme. The key spaceis {0, 1, . . . , N − 1}. A ciphertext C for M is computed as (M + K) mod N anddecryption performs (C − K) mod N.Prove that this scheme is perfectly secure
The following is a message encrypted using additive cipher but you do not know the key.Decrypt the message and show all your work. ZJP LUA PMP JWY PUJ PWS LZH UKS HDZ KVU VAS PLV UAO LZB YMH JLV MUH ABY LAO LFH YLO PKK LUH UKT BZA ILD YLZ ALK MYV TUH ABY LIF HUH JAP CLH UKL SHI VYH ALA LJO UPX BLV MPU XBP YF
The Lingala Language of Republic of Congo has 35 letters. Consider an Affine cipher, which encrypts each letter according to the rule: C=(p×k1+k2) mod 35. Here C, p, k1, and k2 are each members in the range 0 to 34, where C represents the ciphertext letter, p the plaintext letter, and k1 and k2 are constant keys. How many possible keys does this affine system have? Explain in details.
] You receive a message that was encrypted using the RSA system with public key (43, 143), where 43 is the public exponent. A message encrypted using this cryptosystem was captured by an enemy and consisted of the following numbers: 6 82 132 115. Can you decipher what was the original message? (Hint: As a first step, you need to find p and q.)
Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. Consider the LFSR represented by the polynomial x4+x2+1x4+x2+1. What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent p5=0,p4=1,p3=0,p2=1,p1=0,p0=1p5=0,p4=1,p3=0,p2=1,p1=0,p0=1).
In a special case of a permutation cipher, we take a message, M, and write its letters in an s× t table, in a row-major fashion, and then let the ciphertext be a column-major listing of the entries in the table. For example, to encrypt the message ATTACKATDAWN, using a 3 × 4 table, we would write the message as ATTA CKAT DAWN and then write down the ciphertext as ACDTKATAWATN. The secret key in this cryptosystem is the pair (s, t). How is decryption done in this cryptosystem? Also, how hard would it be to attack this cryptosystem using a ciphertext-only attack?

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