ii) Monetary policy in a liquidity trap. Suppose the money demand is given by: M° = $Y (0.25 - i) as long as the interest rates are positive. The questions below then refer to situations where the interest rate is zero] The United States experienced a long period of zero interest rates after 2009. Can you find evidence in the text that the money supply continued to increase over this period?
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- What evidence is used to assess the stability of themoney demand function? What does the evidence suggest about the stability of money demand, and how hasthis conclusion affected monetary policymaking?Since the end of the Great Recession of 2008, interest rates have been at historic lows—in some cases, close to zero. How is expansionary monetary policy, or more specifically a open market purchase, supposed to work and How do near-zero interest rates limit the ability of expansionary monetary policy to work? how effective has the Fed’s policy been as a response to the Great Recession of 2008 and more recently the Covid 19 Recession? short answer ( paragraph ) supported by evidencePlease Answer: 4- Keynesian interest rates channel is not the one among monetary tranmission mechanisms. True / False
- For this question, assume that the Fed sets monetary policy according to the Taylor rule. Suppose current U.S. macroeconomic conditions are represented by the following: π < π?* and u > un. Given this information, we would expect that the Fed will: A.implement a monetary contraction. B.more information is need to answer this question. C.maintain its current stance of monetary policy. D.implement a monetary expansion. Which of the following would cause an increase in M1? A.a reduction in the required ratio of reserves to deposits B.an increase in the discount rate C.an open market operation where the Fed buys bonds D.thes all of these E.none of theseConsider two countries, Canada (Home) and US (Foreign). In 2018, Canada experienced relatively slow output growth (2%), whereas US had relatively robust output growth (4.2%). Suppose the Bank of Canada allowed the money supply to grow by 2% each year, whereas the Federal Reserve (Fed), the US central bank, chose to maintain relatively high money growth of 10% per year. For the following questions, use the simple monetary model (where I is constant).Consider the general monetary model, in which L is no longer assumed constant and money demand is inversely related to the nominal interest rate. In addition to the scenario described in the beginning of the question, the bank deposits in Canada pay 3% interest. Suppose the Fed increases the money growth rate from 10% to 12% and the inflation rate rises proportionately (one for one) with this increase. Using time series diagrams, illustrate how this increase in the money growth rate affects the US money supply, interest rate, prices, real…Suppose the economy begins at full employment. Label this starting point as point "1." Then, suppose that, due to increased instability in the financial markets, a decrease in investor and consumer confidence occurs. Show the effects on your graph and label the new equilibrium point "2." Lastly, suppose the Federal Reserve wants the economy to return to full-employment as quickly as possible. Should the Fed intervene? If so, show the impact of successful monetary policy on your graph. Label this new equilibrium point "3."
- Can you please help with the explanation of the below? In contemporary monetary theory, we do not normally think of using a money stock to implement monetary policy. By setting m-p, the log of the real money stock, equal to money demand y-b.i where y and i are ln(GDP) and the interest rate, create a money policy reaction function. Noting that p+y is the log of nominal GDP how could you interpret m in this case so as to make your equation approximate the reality in Australia?In an economy where the central bank implements negative interest rates as a monetary policy tool, what is the most likely short-term impact on consumer savings behavior and bank profitability? A. An increase in consumer savings as people seek to safeguard their money and a rise in bank profitability due to increased lending. B. A decrease in consumer savings as the incentive to save diminishes and a decrease in bank profitability due to lower interest margins. C. No significant change in consumer savings behavior but an improvement in bank profitability due to lower borrowing costs. D. A shift in consumer investment towards riskier assets and challenges in bank profitability due to compressed interest margins. Please don't use chatgpt it is giving wrong answer and please provide valuable answerSuppose the Fed announces that it is raising its target interest rate by 75 basis points, or 0.75 percentage point. To do this, the Fed will use open-market operations to ? (increase/decrease) the ? (demand for/supply of) money by buying bonds from ? (buying bonds from/selling bonds to) the public.
- Imagine that the economy is experiencing inflation and that the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) decides to implement a contractionary monetary policy or 'tight money' to return inflation to its target level. 1.What type of open market operations (OMOs) will the RBA undertake consistent with a contractionary monetary policy approach? 2. How will the money supply be affected? 3.Explain how the three stages of transmission process from a contractionary monetary policy link a change in interest rates with a change in an economy’s equilbrium level of output. 4.Using the IS-LM curve diagram, illustrate the impact of a contractionary monetary policy. Make sure to clearly indicate the new equilibrium position including the interest rate and output. (Money Supply Versus Interest Rate Targets) Assume that the economy’s real GDP is growing. What will happen to money demand over time? If the Fed leaves the money supply unchanged, what will hap- pen to the interest rate over time? If the Fed changes the money supply to match the change in money demand, what will happen to the interest rate over time? What would be the effect of the policy described in part (c) on the economy’s stability over the business cycle?What are the terms in this question ? A liquidity trap is a situation where a portion of the moneydemand curve becomes horizontal; people are willing to hold unlimited amounts of money at some low interest rate.