Imagine that a different researcher looks at these results and disagrees with them, arguing that happy people tend to listen to more prosocial music than unhappy people, and they also tend to be more cooperative. How might Greitemeyer respond to this criticism? O a. You're right, I hadn't considered this alternative explanation. O b. You're right, correlation is not causation. O c. Because I manipulated the IV, I ruled out this alternative explanation. O d. Because I randomized participants to condition, I ruled out this alternative explanation.
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- A sample of 250 high school students were asked, “If you had $1000 to contribute to one kind of charitableorganization, which type of organization would you choose? Here is a two-way table that displays data ongender and response to this question. Which of the following conclusions seems to be supported by the data?(a) Most of the females who chose a health organization would have chosen an environmental organizationas their second choice, had they been asked.(b) There is no association between gender and choice of organization.(c) The proportion of males who said they would contribute to an environmental organization is higher thanthe proportion of females who said they would contribute such an organization.(d) None of the students surveyed said they would contribute to religious organizations.(e) The marginal relative frequencies of organization are 140, 110.A study in Sweden looked at former elite soccer players, people who had played soccer but not at the elite level, and people of the same age who did not play soccer. Here is a two-way table that classifies these subjects by whether or not they had arthritis of the hip or knee by their mid-fifties: Elite Non-elite Did not play Arthritis 10 9 24 No arthritis 61 206 548 Based on this study, you can conclude thatAronson and Mills (1959) conducted an experiment to see whether people's liking for a group is influenced by the severity of initiation. They reasoned that when people willingly undergo a severe initiation to become members of a group, they are motivated to think that the group membership must be worthwhile. Otherwise, they would experience cognitive dissonance: Why put up with severe initiation for the sake of a group membership that is worthless? In their experiment, participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group 1 (control) had no initiation. Group 2 (mild) had a mildly embarrassing initiation (reading words related to sex out loud). Group 3 (severe) had a severely embarrassing initiation (reading sexually explicit words and obscene words out loud). After the initiation, each person listened to a standard tape-recorded discussion among the group that they would now supposedly be invited to join; this was made up made to be as dull and banal as possible.…
- A research article on the effect of multitasking on grade performance describes an experiment in which 62 undergraduate business students were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. Students in one group were asked to listen to a lecture but were told that they were permitted to use cell phones to send text messages during the lecture. Students in the second group listened to the same lecture but were not permitted to send text messages. Afterwards, students in both groups took a quiz on material covered in the lecture. Data from this experiment are summarized in the accompanying table.The popular show 13 Reasons Why is organized around the suicide of the 17-year-old Hannah, In the show, Hannah herself describes reasons why she decided to kill herself. One of the early episodes originally depicted her suicide in graphic detail. Some critics and mental health advocates argued that the series represented suicide irresponsibly and worried that the show would lead to copycat suicides or self-harm. To test the effect of the show, Niederkrotenthaler et al. (2019) first used social media to determine the exact months of the year when the show was being discussed. They found that public attention was highest during April 2017. What type of design did they use? Group of answer choices Interrupted time-series design Nonequivalent control group posttest-only design Quasi-independent variable None of the aboveThe marketing department of ABC Ltd is interested in assessing whether those people who currently buy cars from a rival do so because they view ABC’s cars as being of poor quality. In carrying out a survey, the marketing department asked 200 people two questions. Firstly, have you purchased a car from ABC in the last month? Secondly, which of the following best describes your view of the quality of cars sold by ABC? The responses to these questions are shown in the Table below. Is there evidence of an association between customers’ purchasing behaviour and their perception of the quality of cars sold by ABC Ltd? Explain your results in terms that would be comprehensible to a manager with little knowledge of statistics.
- Suppose the marketing research firm would like to examine if the social networking site that a person primarily uses is influenced by his or her age. In a randomly drawn sample, 369 social network users were asked which site they primarily visited. At the 0.05 level of significance, can we conclude that the two variables are related? These data are presented in the following table along with each person’s age group: Age (Years) Facebook Twitter LinkedIn 10-17 7 22 0 18-34 44 54 25 35-54 40 38 44 55 and older 26 38 31 a. What test should you run? b. Select the correct hypothesis statements. H0: H1: c. Compute the value of the test statistic? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Negative values should have a minus sign in front of them) d. Determine the p-value (Round your final answer to 4 decimal places.) e. What is your decision regarding the null hypothesis? multiple choice Fail to reject the null. Reject the…Stephens, atkins, and Kingston, 2009 conducted an experiment in which participants were able to tolerate moore pain when they were shouting their favorite swear word than when they were shouting neutral words, Identify the dependent and independent variables for this studyFor each of the following research scenarios, indicate which type of t-test: one-sample, independent, or dependent is appropriate for the research scenario described. Give reason(s) as to why that type of t-test (one-sample, independent, or dependent) is appropriate for the research scenario. a. Dr. Lofgren was interested in the effects of stress on the ability to concentrate. He randomly assigned 20 participants to complete a lab-based stress task to induce stress and another 20 participants to a control condition where they spent time in the lab but didn’t experience stress induction. Both groups then completed a task requiring deep concentration to complete; the time it took to complete the task was recorded, with quicker completion times reflecting better ability to concentrate. Dr. Lofgren hypothesized that participants in the stress condition would have a poorer ability to concentrate (i.e., slower completion times). b. An all-women's college is interested in whether more of…
- The following data are taken from an experiment in which the subjects were tested for motion sickness. Thesubjects were randomly assigned to either the control group which was given a placebo or the experimentalgroup which was given the drug Astemizole and observed on an ocean voyage. The same subjects were thenswitched and those that had the placebo were now given the drug, and those that had the drug were nowgiven a placebo and observed on a new ocean voyage taking the same course. The results are the number ofhead movements that the subjects could endure without becoming nauseous. Use α = 0.05 to test the claimthat Astemizole is effective, i.e. it takes a larger number of head movements before the subject getsnauseous.Control 19 45 36 42 38 31 30 40 41 35Drug 20 55 36 45 40 32 41 38 44 29 1) State the hypotheses and identify the claim. Group 1 is the Control group. 2)Find the test statistic and Find the p-value. 3)Make the decision and Summarize the results.In studies examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that an individual’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how the individual was perceived by others. In one part of the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner. The fictitious male was described positively as being single and ambitious and having good job prospects. For one group of participants, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. For another group, it said that he has no sense of humor. After reading the description, each participant was asked to rate the attractiveness of the man on a seven-point scale from 1 (very unattractive) to 7 (very attractive). A score of 4 indicates a neutral rating. The females who read the “great sense of humor” description gave the potential partner an average attractiveness score of M = 4.53 with a standard deviation of s = 1.04. If the sample consisted of n = 16…In a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) foundthat a man’s sense of humor had a significant effect onhow he was perceived by women. In the study, femalecollege students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner and then rated the attractivenessof the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). Thefictitious male was described positively as being single,ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one condition, the description also said that he had a great senseof humor. The results showed that the description wasrated significantly higher when “a sense of humor” wasincluded. To further examine this effect, a researcherselected a sample of n = 16 college males and askedthem to read a brief description of a female and thenrate the attractiveness of the woman in the description.The description had been used in previous research butwas modified by adding a statement describing a goodsense of humor. Based on the…