In 1974, Loftus and Palmer conducted a classic study demonstrating how the language used to ask a question can influence eyewitness memory. In the study, college students watched a film of an automobile accident and then were asked questions about what they saw. One group was asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” Another group was asked the same question except the verb was changed to “hit” instead of “smashed into.” The “smashed into” group reported significantly higher estimates of speed than the “hit” group. Suppose a researcher repeats this study with a sample of today’s college students and obtains the following results: Estimated Speed “Smashed into” “Hit” n 15 15 M 40.8 34.9 SS 510 414 Now, increase the variability by doubling the two SS values to SS₁ = 1,020 and SS₂ = 828. Repeat the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size. Pooled Variance? Estimated Standard Error? t Statistic? Critical Values? Reject H₀. These data indicate a significant difference in estimated speed between the two groups. Fail to reject H₀. These data do not indicate a significant difference in estimated speed between the two groups. Fail to reject H₀. These data indicate a significant difference in estimated speed between the two groups. Reject H₀. These data do not indicate a significant difference in estimated speed between the two groups. r² = Comparing your answers for the preceding parts, describe how to sample variability influences the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size. Increasing the sample variability the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis and the size of r².

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter10: Statistics

Section10.6: Summarizing Categorical Data

Problem 13CYU

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In 1974, Loftus and Palmer conducted a classic study demonstrating how the language used to ask a question can influence eyewitness memory. In the study, college students watched a film of an automobile accident and then were asked questions about what they saw. One group was asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” Another group was asked the same question except the verb was changed to “hit” instead of “smashed into.” The “smashed into” group reported significantly higher estimates of speed than the “hit” group.

Suppose a researcher repeats this study with a sample of today’s college students and obtains the following results:

	Estimated Speed
“Smashed into”	“Hit”
n	15	15
M	40.8	34.9
SS	510	414

Now, increase the variability by doubling the two SS values to SS₁ = 1,020 and SS₂ = 828. Repeat the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size.
Pooled Variance?
Estimated Standard Error?
t Statistic?
Critical Values?

Reject H₀. These data indicate a significant difference in estimated speed between the two groups.
Fail to reject H₀. These data do not indicate a significant difference in estimated speed between the two groups.
Fail to reject H₀. These data indicate a significant difference in estimated speed between the two groups.
Reject H₀. These data do not indicate a significant difference in estimated speed between the two groups.

r² =

Comparing your answers for the preceding parts, describe how to sample variability influences the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size.
Increasing the sample variability the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis and the size of r².

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