In a game called NIM, there are two players. At the start, two piles of matches are placed on the table in front of them, each containing two matches. In turn, the players take any (positive) number of matches from one of the piles. The player taking the last match loses. Which player is sure to win in this game? O First Player O No answer text provided. O There is no way of knowing the outcome. ● Second Player
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- Consider a game in which two players take turns removing any positive number of matches they want from one of two piles of matches. The player who removes the last match wins the game. Show that if the two piles contain the same number of matches initially, the second player can always guarantee a win.The game of Chomp is played by two players. In this game, cookies are laid out on a rectangular grid. The cookie in the top-left position is poisoned. The two players take turns making moves; at each move, a player is required to eat a remaining cookie, together with all cookies to the right and/or below (that is all the remaining cookies in the rectangle, in which the first cookie eaten is the top left corner). The loser is the player who has no choice but to eat the poisoned cookie. Prove that if the board is square (and bigger than 1 × 1) then the first player has a winning strategy.You are playing a card game. In this game, your opponent places n monster cards onto the board, the i th of which has hi health points. You in turn have m ≥ n hero cards in your hand, the j th of which deals dj damage per turn. To begin the game, you will choose n heroes from your hand and assign each of them to a different enemy monster. Each turn, your heroes will deal damage equal to their damage power to the opposing enemy. If at any point an opponent’s monster reaches 0 health or less, then it is destroyed. You are given a limited number of turns k to destroy all enemy monsters. Design an algorithm which runs in O(m + n log n) time and determines whether it is possible to assign your heroes in such a way as to destroy all enemy monsters in k turns or fewer First develop a Θ(m log m) time algorithm, then improve it to Θ(m + n log n) Do not write the code, give steps and methods. Explain the steps of algorithm, and the logic behind these steps in plain English input is The number of…
- You have a fence post located at the point (x,y) where a goat is tethered by a rope. You also have a house, which is a rectangle with diagonally opposite corners at the points bottom-left: (x1,y1) and top-right: (x2,y2). You want to pick a length of rope that guarantees the goat cannot reach the house. Determine the minimum distance from the fence post to the house, so that you can make sure to use a shorter rope. Recall that the distance formula is: sqrt( (x2−x1)^2+(y2−y1)^2 ) The input consists of a single line containing six space-separated integer values: x, y, x1, y1, x2, and y2. You are guaranteed that x1<x2 and y1<y2, and that (x,y) is strictly outside the axis-aligned rectangle with corners at (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). Return the minimum distance from the goat’s post to the house as a floating-point value from main(). Learning Objectives Be able to create a program with a lesser template. Be able to calculate the min/max of integers. Be able to write a mathematical…In a card game, your opponent places n monster cards onto the board, the i th of which has hi health points. You in turn have m ≥ n hero cards in your hand, the j th of which deals dj damage per turn. To begin the game, you will choose n heroes from your hand and assign each of them to a different enemy monster. Each turn, your heroes will deal damage equal to their damage power to the opposing enemy. If at any point an opponent’s monster reaches 0 health or less, then it is destroyed. You are given a limited number of turns k to destroy all enemy monsters. Design an algorithm which runs in O(m + n log n) time and determines whether it is possible to assign your heroes in such a way as to destroy all enemy monsters in k turns or fewer First develop a Θ(m log m) time algorithm, then improve it to Θ(m + n log n) Do not write the code, give steps and methods. Explain the steps of algorithm, time complexity, and the logic behind these steps in plain English Input is the number of monsters…In a card game, your opponent places n monster cards onto the board, the i th of which has hi health points. You in turn have m ≥ n hero cards in your hand, the j th of which deals dj damage per turn. To begin the game, you will choose n heroes from your hand and assign each of them to a different enemy monster. Each turn, your heroes will deal damage equal to their damage power to the opposing enemy. If at any point an opponent’s monster reaches 0 health or less, then it is destroyed. You are given a limited number of turns k to destroy all enemy monsters. Design an algorithm which runs in O(m + n log n) time and determines whether it is possible to assign your heroes in such a way as to destroy all enemy monsters in k turns or fewer First develop a Θ(m log m) time algorithm, then improve it to Θ(m + n log n) Do not write the code, give steps and methods. Explain the steps of algorithm, and the logic behind these steps in plain English input is The number of monsters n, the health…
- The game Capture is played by two players, First and Second, who take turns to move towards one another on a narrow bridge. Initially, the two players are at opposite ends of the bridge, at a distance of n feet from each other. (Here n is an arbitrary positive integer.) When it is their turn, they are allowed to jump 1, 2, or 3 feet toward each other. The game starts by First making a move first; the game is over when one player is able to capture (jump on top of) the other player. Generalize the problem further to the case when the initial distance is n feetand the players are allowed to jump any (positive) integer number of feet up to k feet. (Here n and k are arbitrary natural numbers.)There are four medals (Gold, Silver, Bronze and Wood) on a table, but they are all wrapped with dark wrapping paper, such that it is impossible to distinguish them. You would like to find the gold medal.The game starts as follows. You pick one medal without unwrapping it, and then the game host unwraps one of the remaining medals and reveals that it is a silver medal. (Assume here that the host unwraps a medal with equal probability, but knowing where the gold medal was and avoiding unwrapping the gold medal if still on the table, to keep the game interesting to watch until the end.)You have now three medals left to unwrap (one in your hand, two on the table). At this point, the host gives you the option to change your mind and swap your medal for one of the two left on the table. What would you do at this point? Would you keep your medal, or swap it with one of the two medals left on the table? If so, which one? Hints: Find the solution by using Bayes’ theorem, calculating all the…Jack and Jill will play a game called Hotter, Colder. Jill chooses a number from 0 to 100, and Jack makes repeated attempts to guess it. For each guess, Jill will respond with: hotter - if the current guess is closer to her number than the previous guess is colder - if the current guess is farther to her number than the previous guess is same - if the current guess is as far (to her number) as the previous guess is For Jack’s first guess, since there is no previous guess yet, Jill will just answer same. Describe an algorithm or a systematic approach that Jack can follow to win the games faster (fewer guesses). Example: Jill chooses number 40. Note: Jack can guess any number from 0 to 100 at any point of the game. Jack guesses 100. Jill responds same (first guess) Jack guesses 60. Jill responds hotter (60 is closer to 40 than previous guess 100) Jack guesses 80. Jill responds colder (80 is farther from 40 than previous guess 60) Jack guesses…
- Mastermind is a code-breaking game for two players. In the original real-world game, one player A selects 4 pegs out of 6 colors and puts them in a certain fixed order; multiples of colors are possible (for example, red-green red-green). His opponent B does not know the colors or order but has to find out the secret code. To do so, B makes a series of guesses, each evaluated by the first player. A guess consists of an ordered set of colors which B believes is the code. The first player A evaluates the guess and feeds back to B how many positions and colors are correct. A position is correct ("black") if the guess and the secret code have the same color. Additional colors are correct ("white"), if they are in the guess and the code, but not at the same location. For example1 2 3 4secret: red-green red greenguess: red blue green purpleresults in one correct position ("black = 1") for the red peg at position one and one additional correct color ("white=1") for the green peg in the guess.…Mastermind is a code-breaking game for two players. In the original real-world game, one player A selects 4 pegs out of 6 colors and puts them in a certain fixed order; multiples of colors are possible (for example, red-green red-green). His opponent B does not know the colors or order but has to find out the secret code. To do so, B makes a series of guesses, each evaluated by the first player. A guess consists of an ordered set of colors which B believes is the code. The first player A evaluates the guess and feeds back to B how many positions and colors are correct. A position is correct ("black") if the guess and the secret code have the same color. Additional colors are correct ("white"), if they are in the guess and the code, but not at the same location. For example1 2 3 4secret: red-green red greenguess: red blue green purpleresults in one correct position ("black = 1") for the red peg at position one and one additional correct color ("white=1") for the green peg in the guess.…Raghu and Sayan both like to eat (a lot) but since they are also looking after their health, they can only eat a limited amount of calories per day. So when Kuldeep invites them to a party, both Raghu and Sayan decide to play a game. The game is simple, both Raghu and Sayan will eat the dishes served at the party till they are full, and the one who eats maximum number of distinct dishes is the winner. However, both of them can only eat a dishes if they can finish it completely i.e. if Raghu can eat only 50 kCal in a day and has already eaten dishes worth 40 kCal, then he can't eat a dish with calorie value greater than 10 kCal.Given that all the dishes served at the party are infinite in number, (Kuldeep doesn't want any of his friends to miss on any dish) represented by their calorie value(in kCal) and the amount of kCal Raghu and Sayan can eat in a day, your job is to find out who'll win, in case of a tie print “Tie” (quotes for clarity). Input:First line contains number of test…