In a principal agent problem with a risk neutral principal and a risk averse agent, correcting for moral hazard leads to inefficient risk allocation. True False
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In a principal agent problem with a risk neutral principal and a risk averse agent, correcting for moral hazard leads to inefficient risk allocation.
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- How can moral hazard lead to more costly insurance premiums than one was expected?4 Consider a slip-and-fall case in which a plaintiff is suing a defendant. It is common knowledge that if the case goes to trial the plaintiff will win $30,000 from the defendant with probability 1⁄2 and the plaintiff will win $5,000 from the defendant with probability 1⁄2. a Compute the expected amount of money the plaintiff will win from the defendant if the case goes to trial. b Suppose that the plaintiff has initial wealth of $1,000 and utility function u(c) = c1/2. Let x be the least amount of money that she would be willing to accept from the defendant to settle the case and avoid trial. Carefully set up the equation that defines x by equating her expected utility from settling the case for x dollars and thereby avoiding the uncertainty of the trial with her expected utility from going to trial. Solve the equation for x to the nearest dollar. c Suppose that the defendant has initial wealth of $50,000 and utility function v(c) = log(c). Let y be the most amount of money that…2. Consider an individual with a current wealth of $100,000 who faces the prospect of a 25% chance of losing $20,000 through theft of her car during the next year. If the person’s utility function is U(X) = ln(X), where X is wealth: a. calculate expected utility without insurance, b. calculate the actuarially fair premium for full insurance, c. calculate expected utility with full insurance at the actuarially fair premium d. calculate the maximum amount the individual would pay for full insurance.
- What term do economists use to describe the tendency for people to prefer certain outcomes over risky situations? a. The precautionary principle b. Risk differentiationc. Risk uncertainty d. Risk aversion e. Risk management470 8 The slope of the utility curves for a strongly risk averse investor, relative to the slope the utility curves for a less risk averse investor will a. be steeper b. be flatter c be vertical d. be horizontal e. be none of above6. Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a long period of time, we would expect thatA.every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person.B.every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.C.the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.D.the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person. 7.The real exchange rate equals the relative A.price of domestic and foreign currency.B.price of domestic and foreign goods.C.rate of domestic and foreign interest. D.None of the above is correct. 8.According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes theA.interest rate and investment to rise.B.interest rate and investment to fall.C.interest rate to rise and investment to fall.D.interest rate to fall and…
- Q. 4 Suppose you, owner and CEO of a corporation, are considering a $25 million project that constructs a building in the downtown area of Toronto. The current market price of the similar building is about $20 million. The future price is uncertain. It may be either $28 million or $22 million in one year from now, depending on the economic situation. The company can borrow at a risk-free rate of 5 percent per year. What is the value of this project? Use a binomial model to value this real option.You are in the market for a used car. At a used carlot, you know that the Blue Book value of the car youare looking at is between $15,000 and $19,000. Ifyou believe the dealer knows as much about the caras you do, how much are you willing to pay? Why?Assume that you care only about the expected valueof the car you will buy and that the car values aresymmetrically distributed.23. Refer to Problem 22. Now you believe the dealerknows more about the car than you do. How muchare you willing to pay? Why? How can this asymmetric information problem be resolved in a competitivemarket?Questions 4 & 5 Michelle owns a house in which she keeps valuables worth 100,000 which can get stolen with probability 1%. She can purchase coverage C of the amount C ∈ [0; 100,000] at premium π = 0.05 dollars for each dollar covered. Her Bernouilli utility function is u(w) = ln(w). Assume she has no other assets. 1. Set up her maximization problem. 2. How much insurance will she choose to buy? 3. How much profits does the insurance company earn on insuring Michelle? 4. Does the fact that the insurance company earn profits mean that Michelle is worse off com-pared to the situation in which she is not insured? Explain what is happening. 5. How much insurance will she buy if insurance companies charge an actuarially fair insurance rate?
- Jamal has a utility function U = W1/2, where W is his wealth in millions of dollars and U is the utility he obtains from that wealth. In the final stage of a game show, the host offers Jamal a choice between (A) $4 million for sure, or (B) a gamble that pays $1 million with probability 0.6 and $9 million with probability 0.4. a. b. c. d. Graph Jamal’s utility function. Is he risk averse? Explain. (2+2) Does A or B offer Jamal a higher expected prize? Explain your reasoning with appropriate calculations. (1) Does A or B offer Jamal a higher expected utility? Explain your reasoning with calculations. (2) Should Jamal pick A or B? Why?An investor has a power utility function with a coefficient of relative risk aversion of 3. Compare the utility that the investor would receive from a certain income of £2 with that generated by a lottery having equally likely outcomes of £1 and £3. Calculate the certain level of income which, for an investor with preferences as above, would generate identical expected utility to the lottery described. How much of the original certain income of £2 the investor would be willing to pay to avoid the lottery? Detail the calculations and carefully explain your answer.5. Explain how imperfect information problems such as adverse selection and moral hazard might affect the following markets or situations (also identify the problem whether adverse selection or moral hazard or both of them) a. Workers report medical history for health insurance. b. The market for used car. c. The market for automobile collision insurance
