In an economy, under its monetary policy with floating exchange rates, when an Open Market Sale (OMS) is exercised, other things equal, it tends to drive LM shifts (direction), and therefore BoP shifts (t or 4). (direction); IS shifts (direction), which eventually will drive the output (income) level to
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- The nominal money supply is growing by 5 percent annually in the United States and 10 percent annually in Kenya, while real GDP is rising by 2.5 percent annually in the United States and 5.5 percent annually in Kenya. Using the simple monetary model of exchange-rate determination, please estimate the percentage change, if any, needed in the dollar-shilling (Ksh) exchange rate for it to reach a long-run equilibrium (assuming that the currencies were in equilibrium at the outset). Be sure to include the relevant equation in your answer, and indicate whether the dollar will appreciate, depreciate, or hold its value versus the shilling. (Hint: the percentage is a round number.) Please use the uncovered interest parity approximation to answer the following question: (a) If the return on euro deposits (i€) is 1%, the expected dollar-euro exchange rate (Ee$/€) is 1.30, and dollar-euro spot rate (E$/€) falls to 1.25, what is the new equilibrium return on dollar deposits (i$)? (Hint 1:…Part 4 5 6 Answer all questions from this section. For each question, identify the statement as True,False, or Uncertain, and explain your reasoning A.1 Following the announcement that the amount of QE intervention by the central bankwill be reduced going forward (also known as Quantitative Tightening), according to theUIP condition, an immediate appreciation of home’s nominal exchange rate would beobserved. A.2 The difference between the slopes of the IS and RX curves depends only on the sensitivityof net exports to the real exchange rate. A.3 Consider a temporary positive inflation shock in a flexible exchange rate regime (with aninflation targeting central bank) and in a fixed exchange rate regime (where there is nopolicy intervention). Assume that both economies converge to a medium run equilibrium.Following the shock, inflation converges to its equilibrium value from above in both cases.A.4 The central bank of a common currency area should not respond to a shock specific toone…Kindly assist in question 2 1)Suppose the ECB keeps the euro rate at 2% forever .The Fed now temporary raises its interest rate this year from 2% to 7% .After this event ,what is the expected rate of dollar depreciation if UIP holds over the coming year ?(Hint :use the approximate UIP formula.) 2) In the last question (1), suppose the policies are temporary, and everyone believes the exchange rate will revert to its expected long run PPP value of $1.26 per euro one year from now .What will be the spot exchange rate ($/€) today?.( hint: use the approximate UIP formula)
- For Appendix readers only. For the preceding example, set up the equivalent of Figure 16.4. Next, show the actions required on the part of the Mexican monetary authority in response to a decrease in income in Mexico, a decrease in income in the United States, and a contractionary monetary policy in the United States. In each case, explain the intuition of your results.The cash rate in Australia is a benchmark interest rate which is set by the Board of the Reserve Bank of Australia and has recently been at a record low. (a) State the cash rate announced at the September, 2021, meeting of the Board of the Reserve Bank of Australia. (b) If the cash rate were to increase, would you expect the Australian dollar to increase or decrease against most other currencies? Explain your answer. (c) If the cash rate were to decrease, would you expect the Australian dollar to increase or decrease against most other currencies? Explain your answer. (d) Explain why the cash rate is not expected to increase until 2024 at the earliest?9 Please identify each of the following the statements as true/false/uncertain and support your claim 1. The financial market expects the Canada-US nominal exchange rate to appreciate . S0 the current nominal interest rate in Canada is higher. 2. A temporary adverse supply shock will shift the LM curve up to the left, resulting a higher interest rate and lower aggregate output temporarily.
- identify the statement as True, False, or Uncertain, and explain your reasoning in detail. 1)Following the announcement that the amount of QE intervention by the central bank will be reduced going forward (also known as Quantitative Tightening), according to the UIP condition, an immediate appreciation of home’s nominal exchange rate would be observed. 2) The difference between the slopes of the IS and RX curves depends only on the sensitivity of net exports to the real exchange rate. 3) Consider a temporary positive inflation shock in a flexible exchange rate regime (with an inflation targeting central bank) and in a fixed exchange rate regime (where there is no policy intervention). Assume that both economies converge to a medium run equilibrium. Following the shock, inflation converges to its equilibrium value from above in both cases. 4)The central bank of a common currency area should not respond to a shock specific to one member. 5)Assume that workers supply effort…Consider the following: C = 400 + 0.5·(Y – T) I = 80 + 0.1·Y – 1000·(i – πe + x)NX = 0.01·Y*– 0.1·Y – 4·(E – 100) G = 600 T = 480 Y* = 20,000 The central bank anchored inflation expectations at target inflation rate of π̅= 0.02. Household borrowing rates and businesses include a 4% risk premium over policy rate (i) so: x - 0.04. The central bank has set policy rate equal to 2% (, ī = 0.02). The Exchange rate (E) is 100. Expected future exchange rate is also 100. Then assume the governent cuts tax level from T=480 to T′ = 400: a) Find the short run equilibrium level of output and trade balance? a) If the economy was at potential before, what effects will the tax cut form 480 to 400 have on investments and on trade balance in the medium run?Suppose that Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) chooses to increase the money supply by 10%. This is accomplished through a RM30B purchase of government securities (Sukuk). Assuming that the monetary approach to exchange rates is the correct approach and that commodity prices are fully flexible (able to adjust to new information). Required : Explain the impact of the policy on : � The interest rate � The price level � The nominal exchange rate � The real exchange rate
- 1. Under what circumstances will a domestic fiscal policy expansion be successful in increasing GDP if a fixed exchange rate is maintained? When will it be unsuccessful? Illustrate with the IS/LM/BP graph. 2. What is the effect on Country A’s macro economy of the adoption of an expansionary monetary policy by the rest of the world in a world of fixed exchange rates?For this question, let it represent the interest rate on the U.S. one-year discount bond, i ∗ t represent the interest rate on the British one-year discount bond, and E represent the dollar price of the British pound. Assume that policy makers are pursuing a flexible exchange rate regime, and that P is fixed (therefore, ignore any AS/AD analysis.) (a) Suppose the Fed decides to increase the money supply. Based on your understanding of the market for foreign exchange, graphically illustrate and explain what effect this expansionary monetary policy will have on the market for foreign exchange and on the exchange rate (E). (b) Now, suppose there are two countries identical in every way with the following exception: country A is closed in terms of both the goods and financial markets while country B is open with a flexible exchange rate regime. Further suppose that the central banks in both countries increase the money supply by the same amount. Briefly explain the extent to which, if…In November, the UK central bank voted to leave its policy (bank) rate uncahged at a historic low of 0.1% which surprised investors who expceted an increase. The British Pound fell sharply against the US Dollar (more than 1%) and the Euro (more than 0.5%). The yield on 2 year gilts fell by 21 basis points.a) Why did the pound depreciate when the English Central Bank surprised the market by not hiking its policy rates as expected b) why did the yield cureve steppen after the Bank's decision not to raise rates? Are markets optimistic or pessimistic about the economy's future?