In comparative studies, it is important to be aware of relationships among species because a trait that appears in several closely related species is probably an adaptation it is not necessary to have large sample sizes if the species are closely related testing related species is more powerful than testing randomly chosen species experimental conclusions are statistically more powerful when data points are not independent of each other data points should be independent, and two related species might have derived their trait from a shared ancestor, rather than each having evolved it independently

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Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.