In Drosophila, a mutation which causes a defect in the cuticle of every segment, A1-A8 (abdominal segments) in the embryonic pattern is called a mutation. Select one: O a. gap O b. embryonic polarity O c segment polarity O d. homeotic (Hox) O e pair-rule
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- 2. a. If you were interested in the role of a particulargene in the embryonic development of the humanheart, why would you probably study this role in amodel organism, and which model organism(s)would you choose?b. If you were interested in finding genes that might berequired for human heart development, which modelorganism(s) would you choose? Describe two different experimental approaches you could use1. If a drosophila contains diploid chromosomes 2n=8, how many chromosomes are there in n? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 B. The process of spermatogenesis where the spermatids undergo morphological changes to assumed the structure of the spermatozoa is called? These changes include: A. Spermatocytogenesis; Heads are larger and tail is absent. B. Spermiogenesis; Acrosome is added to the head cap, the tail is present C. Spermiation; The sperm cells are ready for "swimming" towards the egg D. Spermatogenesis; Heads are bulging and the tail is presentThe anteriorposterior axis of a Drosophila embryo is first established by certain (a) homeotic genes (b) maternal effect genes (c) segmentation genes (d) proto-oncogenes (e) pairrule genes
- If you observed fruit flies with the following developmental abnormalities, would you guess that a mutation has occurred in a segmentation gene or a homeotic gene? Explain your guess. A. Three abdominal segments were missing. B. One abdominal segment had legs. C. A fly with the correct number of segments had two additional thoracic segments and two fewer abdominal segments.Does this statement is a example of a phenocopy? Explain your reasoning. Q. Vestigial wings in Drosophila are produced by a recessive mutation. This trait is also produced by high temperature during developmentMolecular geneticists have performed experiments in which they altered the number of copies of the bicoid gene in flies, affecting the amount of Bicoid protein produced. Q. What would be the effect on development of an increased number of copies of the bicoid gene?
- genes relies on the existence of ovoD, a dominant female sterile mutation of the ovo gene, whichis located near the middle of the acrocentricDrosophila X chromosome. Females that are ovoD/ovo+ are sterile; ovoD-containing germ-line cellscannot produce eggs.a. Mutations in gene X are recessive lethals, so homozygotes for these mutations do not develop intoadults. Explain how researchers could use the ovoDmutation in a mitotic recombination experiment todetermine (i) whether or not females might supplythe RNA or protein product of gene X to the eggsthey make in their ovaries, and (ii) whether thismaternally supplied product is needed for properdevelopment of their progeny. Where in the genome would gene X need to be located for thisapproach to work?b. The ovoD mutant gene has been cloned, so genomicDNA for this mutant gene is available. How couldyou use this cloned DNA to determine whether any embryonic lethal mutation located anywhere in thegenome was an allele of a maternal effect…Homeobox genes (a) are found in fruit flies but no other animals (b) tend to be expressed in the order that they appear on a chromosome (c) contain a characteristic DNA sequence (d) b and c (e) a, b, and c0. In Drosophila, the gene for cinnabar eye color is onchromosome 2, and the gene for scarlet eye color is onchromosome 3. A fly homozygous for both recessivecinnabar and scarlet alleles (cn/cn; st/st) is white-eyed.a. If male flies (containing chromosomes with thenormal gene order) heterozygous for cn and st allelesare crossed to white-eyed females homozygous forthe cn and st alleles, what are the expected phenotypes and their frequencies in the progeny?b. One unusual male heterozygous for cn and st alleles,when crossed to a white-eyed female, produced onlywild-type and white-eyed progeny. Explain the likelychromosomal constitution of this male.c. When the wild-type F1 females from the cross withthe unusual male were backcrossed to normal cn/cn;st/st males, the following results were obtained:wild type 45%cinnabar 5%scarlet 5%white 45%Diagram a genetic event at metaphase I that couldproduce the rare cinnabar or scarlet flies among theprogeny of the wild-type F1 females.
- 1.In Drosophila melanogaster body color is controlled by one gene while wing shape is controlled by a second gene. Gray body color is dominant to black body color, and normal wings are dominant to vestigial wings. Flies homozygous for gray body color and vestigial wings are crossed with flies homozygous for black body color and normal wings. A.compare the possible f2 generation genotypes and phenotypes and proportions if these two traits. B.How does your answer change if one of the original parents is homozygous for gray body color and normal wings while the other has black body color and vestigial wings?1. Fruit Flies and Genetics Research: Imagine you are working in a genetics lab with the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a model organism for genetics research. You want to determine whether a trait you have discovered in fruit flies is dominant or recessive.• Explain how you would design an experiment to answer this question.• Predict what types of outcomes are possible. Which would indicate that the trait is dominant? Which would indicate that it is recessive?DO all of them please Multiple chpoice 11. Threshold concentration, morphogens, induction, and cell adhesion provide ________ to a developing organism.A) positional informationB) maternal effect genesC) homeodomainsD) lineage tracingAnswer: 12) What is the first stage of embryonic pattern development in Drosophila?A) limb positionB) body axesC) segmentation patternsD) metamorphosisAnswer: 13) A Drosophila larva that develops from an oocyte that has no bicoid mRNA will have what developmental defect?A) only ventral structuresB) no dorsal structuresC) only anterior structuresD) only posterior structuresAnswer: 14) The bicoid gene has what pattern of inheritance?A) sex-linkedB) incomplete penetranceC) maternal inheritanceD) autosomalAnswer: 15) A homeotic mutation results in which of the following?A) Incorrect formation of the body axesB) Replacement of segments with parasegmentsC) Replacing of one body part with anotherD) ApotosisAnswer: 16) Antennapedia in Drosophila is an example of a…