Fill in the cells below showing the NORMAL process of meiosis of the male's sex chromosomes (XY – the X and Y are representing the entire chromosome, and remember X and Y act like a homologous pair). DO NOT show crossing over. prior to meiosis 44 +XY What are the possible normal gametes produce after meiosis division? Identify the possible sex of the offspring if these normal sperm cells are fertilized by the egg cell.

Fill in the cells below showing the NORMAL process of meiosis of the male's sex chromosomes (XY – the X and Y are representing the entire chromosome, and remember X and Y act like a homologous pair). DO NOT show crossing over. prior to meiosis 44 +XY What are the possible normal gametes produce after meiosis division? Identify the possible sex of the offspring if these normal sperm cells are fertilized by the egg cell.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter20: The Reproductive System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RE

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Adams maternal and paternal chromosomes have alternate forms of a gene that influences whether a person is right-handed or left-handed. One form says right and its partner says left. Visualize one of Adams spermatogonia, in which chromosomes are being duplicated prior to meiosis. Visualize what happens to the chromosomes during anaphase I and II. (It might help to use toothpicks as models of the sister chromatids of each chromosome.) What fraction of Adam's sperm will carry the gene for right-handedness? For left-handedness?
The chromosome constitution number of this individual is 2=6. This drawing represents: a. mitotic metaphase. b. meiotic metaphase I. c. meiotic metaphase II. d. a gamete. e. sixnonhomologous chromosomes.
A cell (2n = 4) has undergone cell division. Daughter cells have the following chromosome content. Has this cell undergone mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II?
Because of the ________ alignment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, gametes can end up with _________ mixes of maternal and paternal chromosomes. a. unvarying; different b. unvarying; duplicate c. random; duplicate d. random; different
Figure 13.6 Which of the following statements about nondisjunction is true? Nondisjunction only results in gametes with n+1 or n-1 chromosomes. Nondisjunction occurring during meiosis II results in 50 percent normal gametes. Nondisjunction during meiosis I results in 50 percent normal gametes. Nondisjunction always results in four different kinds of gametes.
Human haploid gametes (sperm and eggs) contain: a. 46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids b. 46 chromosomes, 23 chromatids c. 23 chromosomes, 46 chromatids d. 23 chromosomes, 23 chromatids
BPA and Abnormal Meiosis In 1998, researchers at Case Western University were studying meiosis in mouse oocytes (germ cells) when they saw an unexpected and dramatic increase of abnormal events (FIGURE 12.6). Improper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis is one of the main causes or human genetic disorders. The spike in abnormal meiosis began right after the mouse facility started washing the animals' plastic cages and water bottles in a new, alkaline detergent. The detergent had damaged the plastic, which as a result was leaching bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is a synthetic chemical that mimics estrogen, the main female sex hormone in animals. Though it has since been banned for use in baby bottles, BPA is still widely used to manufacture other plastic items and epoxies (such as the coating on the inside of metal cans of food). BPA-free plastics are often manufactured with a related compound, bisphenol S (BPS), that has effects similar to BPA. FIGURE 12.6 Abnormalities in meiosis that occurred after exposure to BPA. Top, the most abnormal meiosis events occurred in mice that were housed in damaged plastic caging with damaged plastic bottles. Damaged plastic releases BPA. Bottom, fluorescent micrographs show the chromosomes (red) and spindle (green) in nuclei of mouse germ cells in metaphase I. A Normal metaphase; BD abnormal metaphase. Which group of mice had the most meiotic abnormalities in their oocytes?
BPA and Abnormal Meiosis In 1998, researchers at Case Western University were studying meiosis in mouse oocytes (germ cells) when they saw an unexpected and dramatic increase of abnormal events (FIGURE 12.6). Improper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis is one of the main causes or human genetic disorders. The spike in abnormal meiosis began right after the mouse facility started washing the animals' plastic cages and water bottles in a new, alkaline detergent. The detergent had damaged the plastic, which as a result was leaching bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is a synthetic chemical that mimics estrogen, the main female sex hormone in animals. Though it has since been banned for use in baby bottles, BPA is still widely used to manufacture other plastic items and epoxies (such as the coating on the inside of metal cans of food). BPA-free plastics are often manufactured with a related compound, bisphenol S (BPS), that has effects similar to BPA. FIGURE 12.6 Abnormalities in meiosis that occurred after exposure to BPA. Top, the most abnormal meiosis events occurred in mice that were housed in damaged plastic caging with damaged plastic bottles. Damaged plastic releases BPA. Bottom, fluorescent micrographs show the chromosomes (red) and spindle (green) in nuclei of mouse germ cells in metaphase I. A Normal metaphase; BD abnormal metaphase. What is abnormal about metaphase I as it is occurring in the oocytes shown in FIGURE 12.6B, C, and D?
Match each term with its description. ___interphase a. different forms of a gene ___metaphase I b. useful for varied offspring ___alleles c. none between meiosis I and meiosis II ___zygotes d. chromosome lineup ___gametes e. haploid ___males f. form at fertilization ___prophase I g. mash-up time
Mutations Can Uncouple Chromosomal Sex from Phenotypic Sex Give an example of a situation in which genetic sex, gonadal sex, and phenotypic sex do not coincide. Explain why they do not coincide.
Explain how the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I contributes to variation in gametes produced by meiosis.
Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on Chromosomes The following diagram shows a hypothetical diploid cell. The recessive allele for albinism is represented by a, and d represents the recessive allele for deafness. The normal alleles for these conditions are represented by A and D, respectively. a. According to the principle of segregation, what is segregating in this cell? b. According to Mendels principle of independent assortment, what is independently assorting in this cell? c. How many chromatids are in this cell? d. Write the genotype of the individual from whom this cell was taken. e. What is the phenotype of this individual? f. What stage of cell division is represented by this cell (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase of meiosis I, meiosis II, or mitosis)? g. After meiosis is complete, how many chromatids and chromosomes will be present in one of the four progeny cells?