Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 17, Problem 5TYU
Homeobox genes (a) are found in fruit flies but no other animals (b) tend to be expressed in the order that they appear on a chromosome (c) contain a characteristic DNA sequence (d) b and c (e) a, b, and c
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When in fruit fly development does axes development begin?
A. in the unfertilized egg stage when maternal effect genes deposit mRNA and proteins in specific locations
B. in the early embryo stage when induction signals between neighboring cells identify where the cells are in three-dimensional space
C. in the larval stage when body segments appear, and pattern formation is evident
D. in the pupal stage when a gradient of morphogens is established
given a situation in which you manipulated a zebrafish embryo by injecting high levels of retinoic acid so that no anterior genes will be expressed. Surprisingly, after embryonic development, you are still able to observed the presence of anterior structures. What could explain this observation? What changes in your experiment would you make to achieve your objective?
You hope to study a gene that codes for a neurotransmitter protein produced in human brain cells. You know the amino acid sequence of the protein. Explain how you might (a) identify what genes are expressed in a specific type of brain cell, (b) identify (and isolate) the neurotransmitter gene, (c) produce multiple copies of the gene for study, and (d) produce large quantities of the neurotransmitter for evaluation as a potential medication.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.1 - Describe the classic experiments of Steward,...Ch. 17.1 - Define stem cells, distinguish between embryonic...Ch. 17.1 - What lines of evidence support the principle of...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 17.1 - What does the ability to produce iPSCs tell...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 17.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 17.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 17.2 - Prob. 7LO
Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 17.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 17.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 17.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 17 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 17 - The anteriorposterior axis of a Drosophila embryo...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 17 - Homeobox genes (a) are found in fruit flies but no...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 17 - Which of the following statements about cancer is...Ch. 17 - Proto-oncogenes code for (a) morphogens (b)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 17 - CONNECT Why is an understanding of gene regulation...Ch. 17 - What is the reason that scientists study...Ch. 17 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 17 - EVOLUTION LINK What is the common ground between...Ch. 17 - INTERPRET DATA Flower parts are arranged in four...
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- Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes? A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryoarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is incorrect? a. Some gene expression patterns can be passed to an individual's offspring. b. Expression of a master regulator triggers a gene expression cascade. c. X chromosome inactivation is necessary for normal development of male mammals.arrow_forwardDominguez et al. (2004) suggest that by studying genes that determine growth and tissue specification in the eye of Drosophila, much can be learned about human eye development. (a) What evidence suggests that genetic eye determinants in Drosophila are also found in humans? Include a discussion of orthologous genes in your answer. (b) What evidence indicates that the eyeless gene is part of a developmental network?arrow_forward
- Proteins that are always present in the cell are encoded in genes that are __________ expressed, whereas proteins that are present only in response to a stimulus are encoded by genes that are ______________ expressed. a. timely, extemporaneously b. inducibly, constitutively c. extemporaneously, timely d. constitutively, induciblyarrow_forwardDescribe an experiment you could perform or evidence you could observe that would prove that DNA is the genetic material that results in inheritance of traits (through gene expression) in a multicellular animal.arrow_forwardExposing C. elegans to an RNAi molecule homologous to a non-protein-coding RNA gene resulted in the worms’ inability to respond to touch. What predictions could you make about the function of that gene in development?arrow_forward
- I am confused about how stem cell transplants works. If you put a semi differentiated tadpole nucleus in a denucleated egg cell, it’ll develop into a fully formed tadpole, but if you put a fully differentiated tadpole nucleus, it won’t (because the genes have already been expressed in a way where the cytoplasmic determinants cannot operate to the fullest). Then how come in stem cell transplants, you use adult nucleuses that are already developed and transplant them into the denucleated egg cells?arrow_forwardWhy is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about Tbx5 is true? a. Tbx5, Tbx4, and AmphiTbx4/5 have very similar coding regions. b. Tbx5 is involved in tail development in vertebrates. c. Tbx5, Tbx4, and AmphiTbx4/5 have very similar regulatory regions. d. Tbx5 initiates hindlimb development.arrow_forward
- if you replaced the hox genes that are normally expressed in a dolphin fin with the hox genes that are normally expressed in a cat's paw, you would get a dolphin with kitty cat paws. ( True or false)arrow_forwardPropose a hypothesis that could explain the following observation. A graduate student performing studies on mutations in drosophila (fruit flies) discovered a strain of flies with a silent mutation in the gene controlling the shape of the wings. Further investigation has shown that this mutation is lethal in flies who are homozygote. Flies that are homozygote wild type or heterozygote can develop and are able to survive.arrow_forwardSignal transduction pathways are important mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in multicellular organisms. How do the target cells typically respond when they receive signals from neighboring cells during very early stages of embryo development? A. The target cells move to one of the poles to establish the anterior-posterior body axis. B. The target cells undergo changes in gene expression, sending them down a specific developmental path. C. The target cells stop dividing so the neighboring cells have time to get to the same stage of development. D. The target cells activate a collection of miRNAs to accelerate transcription and cell division.arrow_forward
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