In economics, the multiplier effect refers to the fact that when there is an injection of money to consumers, the consumers spend a certain percentage of it. That amount recirculates through the economy and adds additional income, which comes back to the consumers and of which they spend the same percentage. This process repeats indefinitely, circulating additional money through the economy. Suppose that in order to stimulate the economy, the government institutes a tax cut of $8 billion. If taxpayers are known to save 17% of any additional money they receive, and to spend 83%, how much total money (T) will be circulated through the economy by that single $8 billion tax cut? (Enter your answer rounded to the nearest whole number.)
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- The current market rate of interest is 8 percent. At that rate of interest, businesses borrow $500 billion per year for investment and consumers borrow $100 billion per year to finance purchases. The government is currently borrowing $100 billion per year to cover its budget deficit. a. Derive the market demand for loanable funds, and show how investors and consumers will be affected if the budget deficit increases to $200 billion per year. b. Show the impact on the market rate of interest, assuming that taxpayers do not anticipate any future tax increases. c. How would your conclusion differ if taxpayers fully anticipate future tax increases?Suppose expenses for Medicare and Medicaid are rising rapidly. Which strategy could the federal government use to solve this situation? Make cuts to defense and education spending, and then increase income and payroll tax rates to reduce the effect of increasing expenses in the federal government. Delay payments for the interest on the national debt and increase tax rates for payroll and corporate income taxes to raise funds for Medicare and Medicaid. Increase corporate and individual income tax rates to raise revenue, and then eliminate payments to state and local governments to cut other costs in the federal government. Increase payouts for entitlements and decrease income and payroll taxes so that consumers are provided with more money to pay for increased medical costs.What effect would each of the following events likely have on the level of nominalinterest rates?1. Households dramatically increase their savings rate.2. Corporations increase their demand for funds following an increase in investmentopportunities.3. The government runs a larger-than-expected budget deficit.4. There is an increase in expected inflation.
- The government announces a cut in the income tax rate. Explain the multiplier effect by analysing how a typical consumer would react to this tax cut and which other decisions this reaction would trigger in the economy.1. The current market rate of interest is 8 percent. At that rate of interest, businesses borrow $500 billion per year for investment and consumers borrow $100 billion per year to finance purchases. The government is currently borrowing $100 billion per year to cover its budget deficit. a. Derive the market demand for loanable funds, and show how investors and consumers will be affected if the budget deficit increases to $200 billion per year.b. Show the impact on the market rate of interest, assuming that taxpayers do not anticipate any future tax increases.c. How would your conclusion differ if taxpayers fully anticipate future tax increases?1.How much is the average daily collections? 2. How much is the increase in the average cash balance due to the three-day reduction in the collection float if the new system is adopted? 3. How much is the gross benefit (annual return on the investment of increase in the average cash balance) of the lockbox system? 4. Should the company make the investment and adopt the lockbox system? ○Yes or No?
- The government will be decreasingincome taxes. To an entity producingluxury bags, it would: A. Expect lower economic growth and may plan to produce less of these bags.B. Expect higher economic growth and may plan to produce more of these bags.C. Expect lower economic growth and may plan to produce more of these bags.D. Expect higher economic growth and may plan to produce less of these bags.Suppose that during a certain week the Fed announces a new monetary growth policy, Congress surprisingly passes legislation restricting imports of foreign automobiles, and Ford comes out with a new car model that it believes will increase profits substantially. How might you go about measuring the market’s assessment of Ford’s new model?As part of their investment strategy, the Carringtons have decided to put $100,000 into stock market investments and also into purchasing precious metals. The performance of the investments depends on the state of the economy in the next year. In an expanding economy, it is expected that their stock market investment will outperform their investment in precious metals, whereas an economic recession will have precisely the opposite effect. Suppose the following payoff matrix gives the expected percentage increase or decrease in the value of each investment for each state of the economy. Expanding Economic economy recession Stock market investment Commodity investment 20 10 -10 15 (a) Determine the optimal investment strategy for the Carringtons' investment of $100,000. (Round your answers to the nearest dollar.) stocks $ commodities $ (b) What profit can the Carringtons expect to make on their…
- As part of their investment strategy, the Carringtons have decided to put $100,000 into stock market investments and also into purchasing precious metals. The performance of the investments depends on the state of the economy in the next year. In an expanding economy, it is expected that their stock market investment will outperform their investment in precious metals, whereas an economic recession will have precisely the opposite effect. Suppose the following payoff matrix gives the expected percentage increase or decrease in the value of each investment for each state of the economy. Expanding Economic economy recession Stock market investment Commodity investment 30 5 -10 20 (a) Determine the optimal investment strategy for the Carringtons' investment of $100,000. (Round your answers to the nearest dollar.) stocks $ commodities $Consider country G, which is a closed economy. Suppose that G’s investment is 200, disposable income is 900 and the consumption 650. Answer G’s public saving and if government spending G is more than, less than or equal to the tax T. what is the public saving?:G (more than, less than or equal to the tax T)?:Suppose the Australian government has announced tax cuts for the business sector. Using the loanable funds model, explain how this will impact the supply of and demand for loanable funds and the interest rate in Australia.