In the AD/AS model assume 2019 began with potential real GDP = $19.7 trillion, while actual real GDP = $19.0 trillion and the Price Level (GDP Deflator) = 210. A year later the Price Level = 214 and actual real GDP = $18.9. Based on their relative %3D effects on the AD/AS model, which of the following scenarios best explains this new outcome? The effect of Group of answer choices an increase in government spending is MORE than the effect of decreased electricity prices. an increase in wages is LESS than the effect of a decrease in government spending. a decrease in oil prices is MORE than the effect of positive consumer expectations. an increase in inflationary expectations is MORE than the effect of increased government spending.
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- Please no written by hand solution Consider the following economic situations:C = $4.0 trillionI = $1.5 trillionG = $3.0 trillionT = $3.0 trillionNX = $1.0 trillionF = 0mpc = 0.8d = 0.35x = 0.15r = 1% λ = 0.5A. Calculate an expression for the IS, MP and AD curves ( r= ?, IS Y= ?, AD Y=?)B. Let AS curve be given by the relation: π = 6 + 1.5 (Y - 25.5) (i.e. the price shock is zero). What are the equilibrium values of inflation, output and the real interest rate(π, Y, r)?C. Suppose government purchases are raised from $3.0 trillion to $3.5 trillion. What are new short-run equilibrium inflation values, output and the real interest rate (π, Y, r}?D. Suppose a financial crisis begins, and ƒ increases ƒ = 3. (Assume government purchases are again as in part (a). What are the new short-run equilibrium values of inflation, output, and the interest rate (π, Y, r}?(Please solve all the parts with numerical steps so it could be practiced easily)Explain, using the AD‐AS model, how the South African Government can usefiscal policy as a tool to recover from the negative effects of this COVID‐19pandemic. Your answer must include the following:An explanation of how the implementation of this tool will work their waythrough the economy to achieve the desired effect;1Why low rate inflation is considered necessary for economic grwoth? Oa It does not affect the purchasing power of wages Ob. It indicates that the currency is in continuous demand by the people Oc taffects only the rich and not the poor Od itact as an incentive to boost in supply in the economy 2When the economy is in Keynesian macroeconomic equilibrium, planned investment is greater than actual investment. O a False O b. True 3Government fixes the floor and ceiling price which will not allow the producers to increase the price on their wish, this is a type of. O a Physical control called price pegging O b. Monetary policy control measures O. Physical control called price tagging Od. Fiscal policy control measures O e None 4Rising output coupled with falling prices is called stagflation O a. False O b. True 5The Value of marginal propensity to consume lies O a. O to 1 O b. Less than zero Oc -1 to 1 Od. Between O to 1 6The Central Bank way to control inflation is Oa Monetary policy…
- Linear stages theory, Structural-change model (Lewis two-sector model), International dependence/dominance model, Neoclassical model How do the contemporary models differ from the previous models? Coordination failures ComplementarityWhy do these models emphasize multiple equilibria and what does it mean?What problems may prevent economy from moving from a bad equilibrium to a stable one?Need to understand that graphWhat are the big push and O-ring theories (important to have a broad or general understanding ofthe two theories?)The imaginary country of Harris Island has theaggregate supply and aggregate demand curves as Table24.3 shows. a. Plot the AD/AS diagram. Identify theequilibrium.b. Would you expect unemployment in thiseconomy to be relatively high or low?c. Would you expect concern about inflation in thiseconomy to be relatively high or low?d. Imagine that consumers begin to lose confidenceabout the state of the economy, and so ADbecomes lower by 275 at every price level.Identify the new aggregate equilibrium.e. How will the shift in AD affect the originaloutput, price level, and employment?The long run macroeconomic performance of an economy can be reflectedfrom the changes of her major macroeconomic indicators. With appropriateinterpretations of the changes to these indicators, one can identify the inherentstructural features of an economy, and hence, identify her strengths andweaknesses. In about 250 words, write a short essay on ONE economy from the list below:i. Singapore;ii. The United Kingdom;iii. The United States.In your essay, describe the changes of major macroeconomic indicators fromthe last decade. Using them to illustrate major structural features of the choseneconomy. Based on the above, identify ONE inherent problem implied bythese structural features that might limit her macroeconomic performance inthe long run. Suggest ONE practical government policy in dealing with thisinherent problem.
- Suppose, initially the Australian economy is atfull employment(in other words the economy is atthe potentialGDP). Using AD-AS model, explain how would each of the following events aectthe economy both in theimmediate and in the long term.a) A slowdown in China’s economic growth due to the sub-prime crisis in the US.b) Union wage settlements push the wage rate up.c) An increase in consumer confidence.Now suppose I (inventories) decreases by $80 billion as a result of a macroeconomic shock. Modify your macroeconomic model to reflect this change ceteris paribus and answer the following questions (questions 21 - 25). - At GDP of 7400 1. Inventories are in surplus by 80 2. Inventories are in shortage by 80 3. Equilibrium is achieved by the macroeconomy according to the Keynesians 4. Inventories are in surplus by 160 - At GDP of 9000 1. Inventories are in surplus by 80 2. Inventories are in shortage by 320 3. Equilibrium is achieved by the macroeconomy according to both the Keynesian and Neoclassical economists 4. Inventories are in surplus by 160 - At GDP of 8200 1. Inventories are in surplus by 80 2. Inventories are in shortage by 320 3. Equilibrium is achieved by the macroeconomy according to both the Keynesian and Neoclassical economists 4. Inventories are in shortage by 4000 - At GDP of 8200 1. Inventories are in surplus by 80 2. Inventories are in shortage by 320 3.…1. Using the AS-AD model, graph and explain the effects of Covid-19 on the U.S. macroeconomy by comparing 2019 vs. 2020. Label the years on all curves, the axis, and the equilibrium. Ignore macroeconomic policy responses, such as the CARES act. Which curves shifted which direction, and why? 2. Now introduce any macroeconomic policy response. What curves shift which direction, and why? 3. What were the equilibrium quantities for both axis?
- II. Consider the following IS-LM model:? = 200 + 0.25??? = 150 + 0.25? − 1,000?? = 250? = 200(?/?)? = 2? − 8,000??/? = 1,600a. Derive the IS relation. (Hint: You want an equation with ? on the left side and everythingelse on the right.)b. Derive the LM relation. (Hint: It will be convenient for later use to rewrite this equationwith ? on the left side and everything else on the right.)c. Solve for equilibrium real output. (Hint: Substitute the expression for the interest rategiven by the LM equation into the IS equation and solve for output.)d. Solve for the equilibrium interest rate. (Hint: Substitute the value you obtained for ? inpart (c) into either the IS or LM equation and solve for ?.)e. Solve for the equilibrium values of ? and ? and verify the value you obtained for ? byadding ?, ?, and ?.f. Now suppose that the money supply increases to ?/? = 1,840. Solve for ?, ?, ?, and ?,and describe in words the effects of an expansionary monetary policy.g. Set ?/? equal to its initial…I have to analyze, using the IS-LM model, the macroeconomiceffects of an increase in savings in the short term and its implications for long-term growth. Specifically, I have to suppose that households (consumers) lose confidence and start saving more for any level of disposable income. Can you plase answer the following question (using graphs too): In terms of total savings and, therefore, of potential long-term growth, is a flat LM curve or a positive sloping LM curve better?Comparing ModelsWhat are the differences between our Keynesian Cross and the Macro Equilibrium (AS and AD) diagram? Which model has more to offer?