In the following protocol A → S : A,B S-A: (Ts.L, КАВ. В, (Ts. L, КАв- А)кклS A → B : {Ts. L, KAB. A}Kgg+ {A,TA}K# В — А: (Тл+1)кдв • the symbol KAB represents a shared between Alice and Bob • the brackets (i.e. { } ) represent an message
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- For the Zhou-Gollman non-repudiation protocol discussed in the lecture on “Non-Repudiationand Anonymity Protocols”, which one of the following statements is false:a) At time point 4, both A and B can produce evidence to prove that they received Kb) At time point 2, both A and B can produce evidence to prove that they received a signedmessage from the other partyc) At time point 0, S cannot prove anythingd) At time point 3, B cannot produce evidence to prove that A has access to key Ke) At time point 1, A can prove that B is alivef) At time point 4, S can prove that A is aliveg) At time point 3, S can produce evidence that that A has access to key Kh) At time point 0, A is not alivei) At time point 2, A can produce evidence to prove that B is alivej) At time point 4, the protocol terminatesThe use of layered protocols is recommended for two major reasons. You must back up your assertions with proof.The following system is proposed for securely communicating a 256-bit message m:A→B:i,m⊕h(i)That is, Alice sends Bob an integer i and the message m xor'ed with a SHA-256 hash of i. (SHA-256 produces a 256-bit digest, so the lengths of h(i) and m are equal.) Bob can decode the message m⊕h(i) by hashing i (which is communicated as plaintext), and can thus derive m, since (m⊕h(i))⊕h(i)=m.Show that this scheme is very broken and that a passive eavesdropper can trivially learn m.
- Question gu We consider a DHKE protocol over a Galois fields GF(2m). All arithmetic is done in GF(25) with P(x) = x5 + x2 + 1 as an irreducible field polynomial. The primitive element for the 2 DiffieHellman scheme is a = x . The private keys are a = 3 and b = 12. You will need to show your work and answer the following questions. a) Show how Alice computes bA b) Show how Bob computes bB Full explainthe this question very fast solution sent me step by step Don't ignore any part all part work u Text typing work only not allow paper workDevelop an inter-realm version of the Kerberos protocol whereAlice in realm 1 is able to communicate with Bob in realm 2. You onlyneed to show how realm 1 KDC where Alice belongs facilitates this processwith Alice and realm 2 KDC where Bob belongs. State your assumptionsand briefly explain your protocol.In the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm, suppose a = 1001. Analyze each step of the protocol and write down the overall state after each step to show explicitly how the algorithm works to find a.
- The use of layered protocols is justified for the following two reasons: Give specific instances to support your claim.Why does PGP generate a signature before applying compression? How does PGP use the concept of trust? Consider a Diffie-Hellman scheme with a common prime q = 11 and a primitive root α = 2. Show that 2 is a primitive root of 11. If user A has public key YA = 9, what is A’s private key XA? If user B has public key YB = 3, what is the secret key K shared with A?When Bob wants to send Alice a message M on the Internet, he breaks M into n data packets, numbers the packets consecutively, and injects them into the network. When the packets arrive at Alice’s computer, they may be out of order, so Alice must assemble the sequence of n packets in order before she can be sure she has the entire message. Describe an efficient scheme for Alice to do this. What is the running time of this algorithm? From Data Structures and Algorithms C-7.56
- Implement 4-bit block cipher using 4 XOR gates, plain text input [3:0] p, key input [3:0] k and cipher text output [3:0] c using Verilog. Use two of 4-bit block cipher and 2 XOR gates to implement 8-bit block cipher with plain text input [7:0] p, key input [3:0] k, initialization vector input [3:0] and cipher text output [7:0] c. ex) IV = 4’b1101, key = 4’b1000, plaintext = 8’b01100001 (‘a’, 97)For the Zhou-Gollman non-repudiation protocol discussed in the lecture on “Non-Repudiationand Anonymity Protocols”, which one of the following statements is false:The usage of layered protocols is adequately justified by the two justifications listed below: To support your claim, provide proof in the form of specific instances.