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- In the framework of the Grossman model, suppose there is an increase in the return in alternate non-health market investments. Draw what happens to the MEC curve and the optimal level of health. Explain intuitively why this might be the case in reality.Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.In the Grossman model, the marginal efficiency of investment in health care declines as health improves.TRUE or FALSE? A. In the Bismarck Model in Germany queues and waiting lists for care are a significant policy problem. B. The health care system in the U.S. and the Bismarck Model in Germany both rely mostly on private physicians to deliver care C. The health care system in the U.S. has higher quality than the Beveridge system in the United Kingdom.
- One of the most robust, fundamental “facts” of health economics is the SES and health gradient. a) Define the SES and health gradient. b) Give three ways in which the SES and health gradient is robust. c) Provide evidence that some of the gradient is correlational (i.e., give a potential confounder) and evidence that the gradient is in fact causal. d) i. Give an interpretation of Figure 1 below in layperson terms. ii. What pattern do you see for men vs women? iii. “The education and mortality gradient does not depend on healthcare spending or whether the country has universal healthcare.” Use Figure 1 to support or refute this claim.In what sense is the individual considered a “producer” of health in the Grossman model?The American system of health care is financed by a mix of private and government insurance programs that pay over 80 percent of the health care bills for U.S. citizens. O True O False
- Which type of medical services suffers LEAST from the uncertainty problem? preventative services surgeries medical testing prescription drugsHow to track the implementations to remove health disparities in rural health care, using the Pareto Chart?While it may seem intuitively obvious that health expenditures will increase as a population ages – older people after all are less healthy on average than younger people in fact, several prominent health economists have argued that it is not aging per se, but rather some of the correlates of an aging population that cause health expenditures to rise as a population ages. For instance, Getzen (1992) argues that, at least in part, rising health expenditures with an aging population are due to the higher incomes and resources of the older population; health care is a normal good, so higher incomes lead to higher expenditures. In a similar manner, Zweifel et al. (1999) argue that the real problem with an aging population, at least as far as health care costs are concerned, is that there will be more people who are within a couple of years of dying. Since health care expenditures rise sharply close to the end of life, it is this, rather than population aging by itself, that leads to higher…
- Suggest several reasons why health care spending is higher in the United States than in other countries.Describe Grossman's Improvement Model of Health. How does Grossman reconcile health as both something in demand and something produced by individuals?Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.The fact that older people spend more on health care is evidence against theGrossman model, which predicts that spending will decline as δ increases.
