In the phylogeny to the right, draw a box around the clade Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes). Label it “A”. b. Draw a box around the sister group to Echinodermata. Label it “B”. c. Circle the node that corresponds to the most recent common ancestor of Actinopterygii and Chodrichthyes. Label it “C.”

Q: Aminoglycosides and ß-lactams are commonly used antibiotics. Write a short account for both…

A: Aminoglycosides are bacterial antibiotics. They treat bacterial infections by killing the bacteria…

Q: The term, "cell" was coined by Andreas Vesalius Robert Hooke Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Rudolf Virchow

A: Cell is the basic building block of all the living organisms. It is the structural and functional…

Q: II. ILLUSTRATIONS. For each of the given proteins: • Draw the final location of the following…

A: Plant cells include chloroplasts, which are organelles. Photosynthesis takes place in the…

Q: 1. Draw a gel showing the bands/fragments generated from cutting the plasmid below with Sall, BamHI…

A: DNA or proteins are separated via gel electrophoresis based on their molecular weight. It makes use…

Q: Question:- How can we determine trans-membrane domains of proteins in the absence of crystal…

A: Transmembrane Domain Determination: Transmembrane domain, which are basically alpha helices, can…

Q: ( 176 > >>> 17% 119 min 18 secs Compare the features of RNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase III in…

A: Introduction: Only one DNA strand may code for one strand of RNA during transcription. The synthesis…

Q: The ____ sites of an enzyme can be used to regulate enzyme activity within a cell, and thereby…

A: Enzymes are the molecules which act as a catalyst and increase the rate of reaction, without being…

Q: True/False: The small subunit of a ribosome catalyzes the formation of the peptide bonds that link…

A: Introduction: An mRNA molecule is attached to by a little ribosomal subunit during translation. A…

Q: True or False. Nonhomologous endjoining usually alters the DNA by deletions or insertions.

A: introduction :  Chromosomes that do not come from the same pair are referred to as non-homologous…

Q: Explain how vaccine covid-19 related to industrial microbiology

A: Industrial Microbiology is a branch of Biotechnology in which the principles of biotechnology is…

Q: Microorganism growth in complex natural environments such as soils and waters can be utilized to…

A: Introduction  A living item that must be seen under a microscope to be recognised as a microbe. Only…

Q: How might the environment influence whether a fungus reproduces sexually or asexually?

A: Fungi can reproduce sexually or asexually and the choice depends on the presence of environmental…

Q: With the aid of a diagram, explain the transformation process

A: Introduction When external genetic material is immediately taken up and absorbed by a cell via its…

Q: The patient oresented with the complaint of chronic bronchitis. After the procedure was discussed…

A: CPT codes refer to the treatment being given. CPT is a acronym for Current Procedural Terminology.

Q: Using island biogeography theory, on which island would you expect to find a greater number of…

A: The idea of island biogeography was proposed by Wilson and MacArthur in 1967.

Q: explain the concept of coevolution?

A: Introduction: The process of evolution involves constant change and includes trends like rising…

Q: why is sleep so important? How does the lack of sleep affect the brain negatively?

A: Sleep is a natural process of the body or reversible state of mind characterized by loss of…

Q: movement when thermal motion or How can pressure, size of the molecule, and viscosity affect the…

A: Diffusion is a kind of passive transport process. The energy is not involved in the diffusion…

Q: Multiple Choice Question: Which of the following sensory structures of insects can detect air- or…

A: Insects are among the most significant animals on the planet. They participate significantly in…

Q: You have decided to design a CSTR with recycle to degrade TCE (trichloroethylene) cometabolically by…

A: Introduction :- Small, single-celled organisms called bacteria exist. Nearly all areas of the world…

Q: Is orthophosphate a competitive inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase and why?

A: In competitive inhibition, an inhibitor that resembles the normal substrate binds to the enzyme,…

Q: why good

A: Bioplastics are a type of plastic that can be produced from natural materials like plant starches…

Q: In detail explain the orgin and evolution of toads and salamanders for each species state the peroid…

A: The salamanders and toads belong to amphibians. Amphibians are a group of organisms that can live on…

Q: REPORT SECTION Name: F. Fruits and Dispersal Day & Hours of Lab Section: 1. Complete the table below…

A: Mechanism Of Fruit And Seed Dispersal Winds Devices such as the wings , hairy , poppus and…

Q: Define the differences between immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity in terms of  immune…

A: Allergies and autoimmune diseases are examples of unfavourable immune system-induced reactions that…

Q: 2. Pine pollen, 400X What are the key characteristics shared by all gymnosperms? Naked seeds 4. ● 3.…

A: According to our guideline we can answer only the first three subparts of the question. So, please…

Q: Mutations can arise in the absence of a mutagen. please explain your answer  true false

A: Introduction  A mutation is a change in the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or…

Q: 1. Cardiomyocytes contractile rate increases as Ca2+ levels in cytosol rise. Releasing of Ca²+ to…

A: Cells can respond to environmental signals via signal transduction pathways. A signal is amplified…

Q: CO₂ + H₂O reactants Glucose produced by autotrophs Energy involved Maximum ATP production…

A: Autotrophs are organisms which are capable of carbohydrate synthesis by fixing atmospheric carbon…

Q: The table shows where different restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) cleave DNA. The…

A: Restriction enzymes identify and cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. A restriction site is a…

Q: Why is a species diversity considered to be a good thing for ecosystems?

A: Biodiversity is a term composed of two words: Bio and diversity Bio means life  Diversity means…

Q: Are Hydra considered a microorganism? explain.

A: The living organisms are classified according to their characteristics. Based on the different…

Q: Discuss the human life cycle and the purpose of meiosis. (please keep it short) 4 - 5 senttence

A: Life cycle of human: Human beings are made up of a billions of cells. Such large number of cells…

Q: A man, heterozygous for type B blood marries a woman with type A blood whose father was type O. What…

A: A man, heterozygous for type B blood marries a woman with type A blood whose father was type O. What…

Q: H B H H A H H What do we call the bonds labelled A and B? O Covalent bond, hydrogen bond O Hydrogen…

A: Water is a polar in nature and made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen molecule , water  is used in…

Q: A city might have certain regions where agricultural use is allowed, other regions where housing…

A: Zoning laws provide distinct residential, commercial, and industrial areas within a town, city,…

Q: Problem 6: The accompanying pedigree was obtained for a rare kidney disease. $ 8 8 0 0 2 a. Deduce…

A: Introduction: Pedigree: In terms of genetics, a pedigree is a diagram that shows how a trait or…

Q: Why is heroin withdrawal treated using methadone, another opioid? A. Methadone speeds the hepatic…

A: Heroin is an opiate and a highly addictive drug. It is prepared from morphine.

Q: Describe how the form of the new holland Honey Eater supports its success in the Australian…

A: Holland Honey Eater bird (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) is native to Australia. This bird species is…

Q: In the diagram below, Strands I and II represent complementary sections of DNA. The sequence of…

A: DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, is the macromolecule which have two complementary strands that runs anti…

Q: In the lab manual, at which level of classification do humans separate from ostriches? In the lab…

A: Introduction  A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a system of categorization, particularly…

Q: 90 91 An apoenzyme: A. is part of a simple enzyme. B. is also called a coenzyme. C. contains the…

A: Enzymes are made of proteins. But in some cases, there are non-protein constituents called cofactors…

Q: Consider a diploid cell that has 2n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one…

A: Introduction :- The major feature of metacentric chromosome is that the central centromere divides…

Q: In humans, deaf-mutism is a single trait that is controlled by two pairs of genes. The dominant…

A: Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…

Q: List a controlled variable for each of the following effectors. Hint: think about regulated…

A: Regulated variables help in maintaining homeostasis of body. These are maintained by different…

Q: Describe the different types of membrane transport. Which require energy, and which are passive

A: Introduction  Cells can move things into or out of the cell via a variety of cellular transport…

Q: Which of the following are central structural components of the cell membrane? (select all that…

A: The outer layer of every cell is known as the cell membrane or plasma membrane. The plasma membrane…

Q: Why is it difficult to directly observe succession in most ecological communities? BIUG 14 >

A: Ecological succession is the mechanism of transformation in an ecological community's species…

Q: VHL ceases to induce the degradation of HIF-1α under which of the following conditions?      A.…

A: VHL It is a protein that is involves in cellular functions, which includes the regulation of other…

Q: If models that display population growth ignored age structure how would this limit their value for…

A: Variables at the population level are influenced by the characteristics of the people who make up…

Marine Evolution

Marine habitat is less explored, and hence, its biological diversity is far less known. The marine habitats are not constant due to their shifting nature, while the terrestrial habitats are more stable. Marine biology is the science that deals with the study of diverse marine species, their interactions, and behavioral characteristics.