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- Consider an airport management system. Each airport has a unique id (e.g. Montreal:YUL). Let us introduce the types AIRPORT and CITY . We also introduce variable airports that contains associations between airport id’s and their corresponding host cities. A possible state of the system is shown below:airports ={YUL → Montreal,LCY → London_UKLHR → London_UK,MIL → Milan,SFO → San_Francisco,SDQ → Santo_Domingo}1. (PROGRAMMING) Define global variable airports in Common LISP and populate it with the above data. Demonstrate that the variable indeed contains the ordered pairs as shown above.2. Provide a declaration of variable monitored that holds all airport id’s.3. What kind of variable is airports? Provide a formal definition together with any and all applicable properties.4. Describe what data structure you would deploy to model variable airports. Note that you may not use a Dictionary. Should this be an ordered or an unordered structure? Discuss.5. Provide a formal specification of the…Three persons P1, P2, and P3 were invited by their friend F to make some smørbrød (sandwich made of bread, eggs, and tomato) together. To make a portion of smørbrød, three ingredients are needed: a slice of bread, a slice of tomato, and a slice of an egg. Each of these persons P1, P2, P3 has only one type of each of the ingredients: person P1 has slices of bread person P2 has slices of tomato; person P3 has slices of egg. We assume that persons P1, P2, and P3 each has an unlimited supply of these ingredients (i.e., slices of bread, slices of tomato, slices of egg), respectively. Their friend F, who invited them, also has an unlimited supply of all the ingredients. Here is what happens: the host F puts two random ingredients on the table. Then the invited person who has the third ingredient picks up these other two ingredients, and makes the smørbrød (i.e., takes a slice of bread, puts on it a slice of tomato, and puts on top a slice of egg), and then eats the smørbrød. The host of…Prolog Consider the (directed) network in the attached document. We could represent this network with the following Prolog statements: link(a,b). link(a,c). link(b,c). link(b,d). link(c,d). link(d,e). link(d,f). link(e,f). link(f,g). Now, given this network, we say that there is a "connection" from a node "X" to a node "Y" if we can get from "X" to "Y" via a series of links, for example, in this network, there is a connection from "a" to "d", and a connection from "c" to "f", etc. Formulate the appropriate Prolog rule "connection(X,Y)" which is true if (and only if) there is a "connection" from "X" to "Y" as described above --- note that this rule will be recursive. Test this rule out on the above network, to see if it is working correctly. Once it is working correctly, you will note that, e.g., the query "connection(a,e)." will give "true" multiple times. This means something, actually:
- <<by using prolog without built-in functions>> Suggest possible friends to a person if there is no direct mutual friend between thembut there is a simple indirect relation (e.g., X is a friend of Y and Y is a friend of Z and Zis a friend of W, so we can suggest W to X even if there are no direct mutual friendsbetween X and W). Make sure that the suggested friend(s) is(are) not already a friendof the person. Examples:?- peopleYouMayKnow_indirect(ahmed, X).X = khaled;X = ibrahim;X = khaled;…?- peopleYouMayKnow_indirect(huda, X).X = rokaya;X = eman;…In this problem, let REF(x.i) → DEF(x.k) denote that the linker willassociate an arbitrary reference to symbol x in module i to thedefinition of x in module k . For each example below, use thisnotation to indicate how the linker would resolve references to themultiply-defined symbol in each module. If there is a link-time error(rule 1), write " ERROR ". If the linker arbitrarily chooses one of thedefinitions (rule 3), write " UNKNOWN ".A./* Module 1 */ /* Module 2 */int main() static int main=1[{ int p2()} {}(a) REF(main.1) → DEF(_____._____)(b) REF(main.2) → DEF(_____._____)B./* Module 1 */ /* Module 2 */int x; double x;void main() int p2(){ {} }(a) REF(x.1) → DEF(_____._____)(b) REF(x.2) → DEF(_____._____)C./* Module 1 */ /* Module 2 */int x=1; double x=1.0;void main() int p2(){ {} }(a) REF(x.1) → DEF(_____._____)(b) REF(x.2) → DEF(_____._____)In the refrigerator example, suppose the warranty worksas follows. If a refrigerator fails at any time within 5 yearsof purchase, we give the consumer a prorated refund on the$500 purchase price. For example, if the refrigerator failsafter 4 years, we pay the customer $100. If the refrigeratorfails after 3 years, we pay the customer $200. Estimate ourexpected warranty expense per refrigerator sold.
- In a company, there are several branches. Let us consider a branch of that company having N employees, if the manager is allotted to that branch(s) then he is known to everyone else in that branch. Note that the property of "known to everyone" is unique to a manager. Your task is to find the manager in that branch. Input from the user in main ( ), the square matrix M where if an element of row i and column j is set to 1 it means that ith person knows jth person. You need to write a function managerId ( ) which returns the id of the manager if present or else returns -1. The function managerId ( ) takes two arguments - the square matrix of N *N and its size N. Call managerId ( ) from the main ( ) output the information about the manager. Assume all diagonal elements to be 1 (as everyone knows him/herself) and there is at most one manager in the company.@ cse A variable A in a CFG is said to be reachable if S ==>* α A B. Develop a procedure for finding out reachable variable in a given CFG. Illustrate your procedure with an example.Consider a world on which each individual belongs to a family of six, each family resides in its own home, each house has a specific address and every person in a certain house is given a unique name.Assume that this world has a postal service providing letters from source to destination. The postal service needs (1) the letter to be in an envelope and (2)that the address (and nothing else) of the destination house be clearly shown on the envelope. Suppose each family has a delegated member who receives letters for the other family members and distributes them. The letters do not actually give the receivers of the letters a hint. a. Would the postal service.ever have to open the envelope and inspect the letter and include the service under your protocol?
- Consider a world on which each individual belongs to a family of six, each family resides in its own home, each house has a specific address and every person in a certain house is given a unique name. Assume that this world has a postal service providing letters from source to destination. The postal service needs (1) the letter to be in an envelope and (2) that the address (and nothing else) of the destination house be clearly shown on the envelope. Suppose each family has a delegated member who receives letters for the other family members and distributes them. The letters do not actually give the receivers of the letters a hint. a. Define a procedure used by delegates to deliver letters from the transmitting family member to a receiving family member using the approach R1 above.2. A safe has 5 locks v, w, y and z; all of which must be unlocked for the safe to open. The keys to the locks are distributed among five executives in the following manner.Mr. A has keys for locks v and x. Mr. B has keys for locks v and y. Mr. C has keys for locks w and y. Mr. D has keys for locks x and z. Mr. E has keys for locks v and z.a) Determine the minimal number of executives required to open the safe.b) Find all the combinations of executives that can open the safe; write and expression f(A, B, C, D, E) which specifies when the safe can be opened as a function of what executives are present.c) Who is the essential executive?Please answer the following question in depth with full detail. Consider the 8-puzzle that we discussed in class. Suppose we define a new heuristic function h3 which is the average of h1 and h2, and another heuristic function h4 which is the sum of h1 and h2. That is, for every state s ∈ S: h3(s) =h1(s) + h2(s) 2 h4(s) =h1(s) + h2(s) where h1 and h2 are defined as “the number of misplaced tiles”, and “the sum of the distances of the tiles from their goal positions”, respectively. Are h3 and h4 admissible? If admissible, compare their dominance with respect to h1 and h2, if not, provide a counterexample, i.e. a puzzle configuration where dominance does not hold.